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Today, the tomb-sweeping day

2017年04月04日

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Today, the tomb-sweeping day

08:29 April 04, 2017 the People's Daily WeChat

今日清明

2017年04月04日08:29 人民日报微信
 

 

   今日22时17分,将迎来清明节气。“万物皆洁齐而清明,盖时当气清景明,万物皆显。”清明因此得名。


  “寒食春过半,花秾鸟复娇。”清明之后,墙头风急数枝空,满溪红片向东流,该是惜春时节了。



清明由来


  清明演变成纪念祖先的节日与寒食节有关。汉代称寒食节为禁烟节,因为这天百姓人家不得举火,到了晚上才由宫中点燃烛火,并将火种传至贵戚重臣家中。


  后来,清明节还吸收了另外一个较早出现的节日——上巳节的内容。上巳节古时在农历三月初三日举行,主要风俗是踏青、祓禊(临河洗浴,以祈福消灾)。


  约从唐代开始,人们由于清明上坟都要到郊外去,在哀悼祖先之余,顺便在明媚的春光里骋足青青原野。因此,清明节也被人们称作踏青节。宋元时期,清明逐步形成一个以祭祖扫墓为中心,将寒食风俗与上巳踏青等活动相融合的传统节日。


  今天,清明除了是我国重要的传统民俗节日,也是国家的法定假日。这一天,人们在清明扫墓的同时,也伴之以踏青游乐的活动。因此,清明既有慎终追远的感伤情怀,也有欢乐赏春的喜庆气氛。


品读清明




过节


  逢到节令,我们依着老例祭祖先。我家过节共有三桌。上海弄堂房子地位狭窄,三桌没法同时祭,只得先来两桌,再来一桌。杯筷碗碟拿不出整齐的全套,就取杂色的来应用。蜡盏弯了头。香炉里香灰都没有,只好把三枝香搁在炉口算数。总之,一切都马虎得很。

 

  供了香,斟了酒,接着就是拜跪。平时太少运动了,才过四十岁,膝关节已经硬化,跪下去只觉得僵僵的,此外别无所思。从前父亲跟叔父在日,他们的拜跪就不相同。容貌显得很肃穆,一跪三叩之后,又轻轻叩头至数十回,好像在那里默祷,然后站起来,恭敬地离开拜位。所谓“祭如在”,“临事而敬”,他们是从小就成为习惯了的。

 

  几个孩子有时跟着我拜;有时说不高兴拜,也就让他们去。焚化纸锭却是他们欢喜做的事情,在一个搪瓷面盆里慢慢地把纸锭加进去,看它给火焰吞食,一会儿变成白色的灰烬,仿佛有冬天拨弄炭火盆那种情味。孩子们所知道的过节,第一自然是吃饭时可有较好较多的菜;第二,这是家庭里的特种游戏,一年内总得表演几回的。至于祖先会扶老携幼地到来,分着左昭右穆坐定,吃喝一顿之后,又带着钱钞回去:这在孩子是没法想像的。


节选自《过节》/ 叶圣陶 著


清明

(唐)杜牧

清明时节雨纷纷,

路上行人欲断魂。

借问酒家何处有?

牧童遥指杏花村。


寒食

(唐)韩翃

春城无处不飞花,

寒食东风御柳斜。

日暮汉宫传蜡烛,

轻烟散入五侯家。


清明夜

(唐)白居易

好风胧月清明夜,

碧砌红轩刺史家。

独绕回廊行复歇,

遥听弦管暗看花。


采桑子·清明上巳西湖好

(宋)欧阳修

  清明上巳西湖好,满目繁华。争道谁家。绿柳朱轮走钿车。 
  游人日暮相将去,醒醉喧哗。路转堤斜。直到城头总是花。


清明习俗


祭扫


  扫墓,原本是清明的前一天(或前三天)寒食的习俗,唐代以来逐渐合并于清明,才成了清明节的习俗,谓之对祖先的“思时之敬”。


踏青


  又叫探春、寻春、郊游,就是脚踏青草,在郊野游玩,观赏春色。四月清明,春回大地,自然界到处呈现一派生机勃勃的景象,正是郊游的大好时光。


放风筝


  放风筝是清明节人们最喜爱的活动之一。古代的人们把风筝放上天后,便剪断牵线,任凭清风把它们送往天涯海角,据说这样能除病消灾,给自己带来好运。


植树


  清明前后,春阳照临,春雨飞洒,种植树苗成活率高,成长快。因此,自古以来,中国就有清明植树的习惯。过去还把清明节叫作“植树节”。


荡秋千


  秋千最早叫"千秋",汉代以后成为清明及其它如端午节、寒食节等节日的民间游戏。唐代荡秋千十分流行,并成为清明节习俗的重要内容。


缅怀先烈,吾辈自强


  今日清明,“多少男儿浴血中,卫我中华一脉同”。他们,以血肉之躯为祖国做出了不朽贡献;他们,用青春和热血捍卫了祖国的尊严。今天,不管你身在何处,请向100多年来,所有为争取民族独立和人民自由幸福而英勇捐躯的先烈致敬!缅怀先烈,吾辈自强!



来源:人民日报微信(ID:rmrbwx),综合人民日报微博、新华网、中国天气网、新浪读书频道、古诗文网、中国清明网、百度百科等

 

 

Today, the tomb-sweeping day

08:29 April 04, 2017 the People's Daily WeChat

 

22 today 17 points, will usher in the tomb-sweeping day solar terms. "Everything is clean neat and clear, cover when gas great, when all things." The tomb-sweeping day hence the name.

"Cold food in the spring of more than half, the flower oil, bird jiao." After qingming festival, wall winds several empty, full stream red east, it is precious little spring season.

Qingming festival origin

The tomb-sweeping day turned into a memory of ancestors festival related to cold food. Han dynasty called cold smoking section, for the day the people the somebody else not their torches, just by the palace lit candle at night, and will fire to officials as home.

Later, ching Ming festival also absorbed another festival - early on the content of the third quarter. Shangsi festival at the beginning of the lunar March 3rd, the ancient custom is mainly for an outing and oninousness an (linhe bath, blessing to eliminate evil).

About from the beginning of the tang dynasty, people due to the tomb-sweeping day members have to go to the outskirts, in mourning ancestors, by the way, in the spring sunshine import green fields. Therefore, qingming festival has also been called TaQingJie. Song and yuan period, the qingming festival gradually form a to worship ancestors grave as the center, the cold food customs and shangsi outing activities such as combining traditional festival.

Today, the tomb-sweeping day is China's important traditional folk festival, is also a national legal holiday. This day, people at the same time of tomb-sweeping day, also accompanied by walk in recreation activities. Therefore, clear both ShenZhongZhuiYuan sentimental feelings, also have a joy to watch the Spring Festival atmosphere.

Read the tomb-sweeping day

The feast

When festivals, we according to the old practice or precedent pilgrimage. My holiday table for three. Shanghai position narrow alley house, three table can't offering at the same time, had to let two table, a table again. Cup chopsticks dishes to take neat full, just pick up noise to the application. Wax light bent his head. Incense ashes in incense burner at all, so we have to put incense three branches in the oven counts. In short, everything was very careless.

For the incense, pour the wine, and then is kneeling. Too little exercise at ordinary times, after only 40 years old, the knee joint had hardened, knelt down only felt frozen near, in addition there is no thinking. Before his father and uncle in the day, they worship kneel is not the same. Appears very solemn appearance, after a three knocking on my hands and knees, and kowtow to decades back gently, as if there hour, and then stand up, bow respectfully to leave. The so-called "offerings such as" and "over the matter and worship", they had become accustomed to.

Children sometimes followed me worship; Sometimes say not happy, also let them go. Incineration paper ingot is glad they do, slowly put the paper in an enamel basin ingot added, see it to flame swallowed, become white ashes for a while, as if have the winter with hibachi flavor. The children know the holidays, the first natural is better when having a meal can have more food; Second, it is the special game, in the family have to show a few times a year. As for the ancestors will could come, points the ZuoZhao right jose sit quietly, eat and drink after a meal, take the bride back again: this is can't imagine in children.

Excerpt from a holiday/ye shengtao

The tomb-sweeping day

(tang) tu mu

Upon the Tomb Sweeping Festival the rain drizzled down in spray

Pedestrians on country-side ways in gloom are pining away

Restaurant where?

the shepherd boy pointed afar and said the Apricot Bloom Vill

Cold food

(tang) Korea Hong

Spring city nowhere not fly,

Cold food dongfeng liu oblique.

Sunset han GongChuan candle,

The light smoke into the five hou home.

Qingming festival eve

Bai juyi (tang)

Good wind oboro month tomb-sweeping day night,

Brigitte build by laying bricks or stones red hin secretariat of home.

Alone the line around the corridors after rest,

Listen to dark see string tube.

A light boat with short, clear shangsi west lake

Ouyang xiu (song)

Good clear shangsi west lake, with prosperous. For who. Green willows zhu twinkle vehicles using the wheel.

Will go to the visitors at sunset, in the noisy. Road embankment oblique. Until ChengTou always spend.

Qingming festival custom

martyrs

Grave, originally is tomb-sweeping day three days before (or) cold food custom, since the tang dynasty gradually merge Yu Qingming, is the custom of the qingming festival, calling for ancestors is "respect".

For an outing

Is also called tanchun, XunChun, outing, feet on the grass, in the suburbs to play, watch the spring scenery. The tomb-sweeping day in April, nor, nature become a vibrant picture everywhere, it is time for an outing.

Flying a kite

Flying kites is tomb-sweeping day one of the most popular activities for people. Ancient people put the kite in the air, after he cut strings, let the wind take them to the ends of the earth, it is said that such diseases can eliminate evil, bring themselves good luck.

Planting trees

Before and after the tomb-sweeping day, ChunYang illuminate, spring rain FeiSa, planting seedling survival rate high, fast growth. Therefore, since ancient times, China has the habit of planting trees. The past is the qingming festival was called "Arbor Day".

On the swings

Swing the earliest called "art", after the han dynasty became clear and other folk games such as the Dragon Boat Festival, such as cold food festival. Swing is very popular in the tang dynasty, and become the important content of the qingming festival custom.

The memory of martyrs, our self-improvement

Qingming festival today, "how much blood, boys who a pulse with my China". They, with flesh and blood made immortal contributions to the motherland; They, with youth and blood to defend the dignity of the motherland. Today, no matter where you are, please contact for more than 100 years, all of the struggle for national independence and people's freedom of happiness and heroic sacrifice martyrs salute! Memory of martyrs, our self-improvement!

Source: People's Daily WeChat (ID: RMRBWX), the People's Daily microblog, xinhua, China weather net, sina's reading channel, modern network, Chinese tomb-sweeping day network, baidu encyclopedia, etc