"Like thinking" way of thinking as the main body of the theory of epistemology method, rich in medical theory, to construct the medical system and guiding clinical thinking, rich medicinal theory etc, played a big role, and has formed the distinctive academic characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

"Like thinking" work and (one)

HeJuan Beijing university of Chinese medicine

China's traditional Chinese medicine reported

        "Like thinking" is an important original thinking methods of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), form and rich in traditional Chinese medicine theory, construct the theoretical system of TCM play a large role in Chinese medicine academic attention. But as that of any other scientific methods, also has its own advantages and disadvantages. "Like thinking" on the development of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine is also active had, correct understanding and evaluation of the method is scientific value to study traditional Chinese medicine theory is very important. "Like thinking" that is as such way of thinking than take, take than class like thinking style and modern scientific methodology analogical thought of similar. Analog and induction and deduction, analysis, comprehensive, hypothesis, imagine such logic thinking method to form a natural scientific research subject method. In contrast, the western natural science research were concluded and use more of the interpretations of the logic reasoning method, and "like thinking" thinking method, then in ancient China natural and social science research have more extensive application.

        "Like thinking" of meaning

        The first put forward "like thinking" way of thinking of the literature is the "book of changes". In interpreting the · XiCi under "records:" the king of the world's bag Xi also, lifted the view in the day, like the view and method to land, animals and birds of the grain, and the view of the heaven and the earth, the body should be nearly take the thing, far from the beginning, so for gossip, to the gods of virtuous, to kind of feeling of all things." Mention view of the heaven and the earth like, and take the body as close, take things as far as gossip, to match all the meaning of circumstances, express the take the basic meaning than class like, to "like thinking" is the earliest description. In the plain question generated five · the article "record" of the five zang-organs like, can analogy ", to mention the "like thinking" in medical applications.

        "Like" in "the book of changes" three levels of meaning, a refers to the phenomenon or signs, interpreting the XiCi · on, "see" is like ", "see like famous sun is great," and "the book of minor offences · · Tuan" yue "have the birds like also", all refers to the phenomenon; And interpreting the · XiCi under "of" the good or ill luck, have also lost as the resistance of regrets; when the threat as also the change of a; as also the day and night; firm soft, like also "shall mean the signs. This is "as" the most shallow and the most simple meaning; Second, from the natural phenomenon of things to put forward a common attributes and signs that things "were like", also called "image". In interpreting the · XiCi under "also cloud:" is it like, the saint is Cardiff to see all the world, and the Ze to describe, like its to reveal the appropriate, is so call like." Use "as" expression, describe the law of god all things hidden subtle, specific refers to the "book of changes" gua like. Three is to point to simulate the understanding of the natural phenomena or behavior methods. Such as "the yi on XiCi · of" natural guardian, saint. Heaven and earth, with changes of the saint effect. Day hanging like, see, like sage of the good or ill luck. On the drawing, los book, saint is." Here the "like", from "effect" as, "is" follow the meaning, are all know or behavior methods. About "class", "shuo wen jie zi" for the release of "similar types, but why dogs", refers to the meaning of similar species; The release of Gu ·'s "yue:" kind of, like, like, also similar. That is the "class" is refers to the species, the nature, the same or similar things.

        Based on the meaning of "as" different, "like thinking" thinking method of the specific application of the performance also for several different way, it is according to the things of the phenomenon, author, knowledge, analogy of the phenomenon of the unknown process, the so-called from special to special analogical reasoning method; The other is based on the phenomenon from smoking the of the proposed "total like" or "image" to author unknown phenomenon of specific process, i.e. from the general to the specific reasoning process; 3 it is according to the thing, signs, attributes the same or a similar to categorize the methods of knowledge of things.

        "Like thinking"-take the work of medical theory than like in the widely application

        1. A like a way of reasoning to like

        As to the way as reasoning, from the phenomenon of things, author, analogy other unknown things the process of phenomenon, in the science methodology belongs to the analogy inference from the "special to special" analogy method. The element of calmly ask · of "call it" signing content than type ", "yi XiCi · on," bring out of touch, and the length of the world, and the top finish yi "is the way of this reasoning first description. "Classic", there are a lot with the assistance of thing than "the method known human body life the content of the rule, the analogy of the" like "have to like, climate, astronomical phenomena like, like, like, biological color social like, life experience as the and so on. This method is based on the application of the heaven and the earth like as the main body, the yi XiCi · on "the so-called" is so great on the earth and heaven. As the law" Such as "the meat asked · angry tongtian theory" in the role of the sun by nature, author, understanding the human body the role and importance of sun be the spirit; The plain question should be like big · Yin and Yang of "heaven and earth to the transformation of the gas of the cloud, constructed a human body water metabolism rule, the word" to enrage, weather for cloud for rain; the rain out to enrage, cloud out the weather "; The grain asked · when five of the heaven and the earth movements and still, the comparison know the different function of human viscera state, think completely of the "hidden essence and not purge", quickly "alternations between emptiness and Tibet"; The grain asked · eight are the gods theory "to the moon and profit and loss, the comparison, understanding human blood of our land, and we decided to adopt the method of treatment can directly, and so on.

        Second is based on a large number of natural things show signs, so on the physiology and pathology of the law, such as "plain question should be like big · Yin and Yang of" according to the different characteristics of natural weather, push the performance the pathological changes of the human experience the attacks the law of "the wind-is still, hot-is swollen, dry-is dry, cold, wet wins is overcome float is this purge"; The coffins · five changes the spirit of craftsman to eliminate axe knife with wood of towns that "at that time when the wind, and become sick, the disease each different" to the pathogenesis of; The grain asked · clutch really evil theory of river in nature in different seasons, the temperature of the change, author of temperature of the human body meridian qi reaction, and so on. Once again, is based on social phenomena are analogy, such as "the meat asked · Syria DianLun secret spirit of ancient monarch of the administrative offices under the system of the composition and responsibilities, analogy suggests human body life of twelve constitutive maintain viscera function; The · inverse the coffins spirit of art of way, put forward the principle of human disease treatment; The plain question to a big · to theory of monarchs the structure of the system, the formula to determine heal principle, "the Lord of the disease, with your term refers to the prince, who is thy princes shall be made," and so on, are all take than class thinking like from a phenomenon to another phenomenon and the simulation of the author.

        "Like thinking" thinking method to TCM theory also have great contribution to the ancients using this method to know and medicinal effects, and sums up the rich, interesting and easy to remember the theory of materia medica. Such as walnuts's brain, so have the brain with; Containing is kidney, so have the function of kidney; PiaoShao mulberry in laying eggs for more than its characteristic, can use fertility treatments of infertility syndrome; Bug class goodness can crawl so remove blood stasis, and so on. And summarize plant drugs "skin for skin, festival in bone, nuclear to cure for pills, the son can be bright eye, tendrils of limbs, shu muscle branches", animal figurines medicine "dirty to make up for dirty" and so on the many kinds of theory. The basic reasoning is that things in the external signs similar or identical, means that its in the nature of similar or identical, therefore, in certain parts of human body produces disease, we can use the nature of the plants or animals on the part of the strengthening effect or added.

        2. With "image" to a like reasoning method

        The so-called "image", also known as "total like", it is to show through long-term practice observation, summarized in many things of the phenomenon with the signs were, and with text, images, symbols and other forms expression comes out, such as the Yin and Yang, five elements, gossip, painting, shu, tai chi, etc. Due to the "image" expression of the common things or inner abstract meaning, therefore, from theory says, closer to the nature of things and the rule, its author conclusion is more necessity.

        At present some scholars put forward "model thinking", that is "total like" to a kind of like than suggests ways. Ancient Chinese philosophy has caused many thinking model, such as the Yin and Yang, five elements 2 d model model, gossip model, GanZhi model and as a representative of the shu painting, like several thinking model and so on, these models are in the theory of wide application. "Yin and Yang should be like", which are Yin and Yang of the common things will be as human life or model deduction and the process of natural phenomena, the transplant horse said: "Yin and Yang of the heaven and the earth, all the Yin and Yang, suitable for the Yin and Yang, the person as appropriate." In the process of the development of the theory of Yin and Yang, and too little to differentiate into three Yin Yin and Yang, three Yang, these concepts of Yin and Yang, all the way to model, the "classic" used in six seasons, gas, chest and abdomen, human body, organs, such as the understanding of the meridians attribute and the standard. Five lines of application in the human body, are in the five elements attributes deduction of the five functions, the grain asked · generated completely of the article "talk" of the five zang-organs like, can analogy ", wang bing note: "like," said though five zang-organs. Also the hidden, but not the meteorological sex with judah things, can the analogy, what? Like wood and the merits of liver, heart and inflammation, like a fire on the earth and quiet, like lung like gold and just decisions, like water and embellish kidney. If all ZongZhao heavily under, including things like method, with the change of the same, can be split and push, of." In the grain asked · six section hide like theory of renal called it "the sting, seal of the hidden this", taste called it "the up her barns," all regard five line author know the result of the five zang-organs function.

        3. The analogy thinking to construct medical system

        Take such as thinking method to than the yellow emperor theory another important contribution, is to build the "classic" medical theory system. Yin and Yang, five elements belong to the category of the natural philosophy, but its produce will gradually be become after ancient natural and social scientific methodology to the important content. The theory of the construction of the medical system method, is based on the yin-yang &five-element model match, knowledge, norms and the integration of the human body and all aspects of nature, in accordance with the nature, the function, the phenomenon of a connection or similar laws, all sorts of things in the integration system of yin-yang &five-element school. Its construction is the basis of the basic epistemology method, that is, like the kind take than thinking methods. LaiXin Bach said "classification is the first step of scientific research," classification is also ancient Chinese science and research method of early is widely used.

        Use of medical system constructing classification the premise, is because the attributes of similar things as mutually or correspondence, such as the zhouyi · · wen words embodied "yue:" simultaneous corresponding, TongQiXiangQiu. Water wet, the fire was dry, YunCongLong, FengCongHu. Saint for and all dependent on the day the peek. Kiss on the earth, the kiss, then each from the class also." In interpreting the XiCi · on "yue:" party assorts with, content with group of points." Therefore, the attribute, similar things similar signs, according to the nature of Yin and Yang, five elements were classified as related categories, it formed a "classic" the structure of the system of medical system. The grain asked · gold, want not really speech "yue:" emperor yue: five hidden should, each have received at his death? Toki "yue: there is. The east cyan, into the liver, begin to item, hidden in the liver disease starts in, the horror, its taste is sour, the kind of vegetation; the south, and the red... in the heart, begin to understand in the ears, the heart disease, so skilled in hiding in five hiding, its bitter in taste, the kind of fire...; central yellow, into the spleen, begin in mouth, hidden in the spleen, the disease in the tongue, its taste is the humiliation of the soil...; north, into the black for kidney, begin to understand in two Yin, hidden in the kidney, the disease in the stream, its taste is salty, the kind of water." Will the nature cyan, sour, the human body of the liver, and an astonishment, and orders are classified as opening of wood. In turn, such as fire, respectively, soil type of gold, water types, and similar between things that can be helpful, phase interlinked, phase relationships; Not the same kind of thing, according to the life of the five elements, to promote each other and restrict relationship, thus constituted "five elements and the Yin and Yang of the structure system, become a" classic "the basic framework of the medical system.