"Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" is the plague prevention and control theory

Typhoid fever or for rickettsial disease - han dynasty

Liu Xuyin Hunan shaoyang bonesetting hospital

China's traditional Chinese medicine to

        Editor's note: the typhoid miscellaneous disease theory in philosophical theory of typhoid and miscellaneous diseases with viscera theory, established the diagnosis and treatment of syndrome differentiation and treatment system, is a notorious Fang Zu. But that generations of physicians have been elucidated the book of theories; Especially around its prevention and treatment of acute warm disease etiology, syndrome differentiation and treatment ideas and choose the clinical problems such as debate rages. In this paper, from the han dynasty the plague natural foci of the infectious diseases rickettsial disease characteristics match, "the theory of typhoid miscellaneous diseases," typhoid fever characteristics meet rickettsial disease, etc, this paper discusses the: han dynasty popular typhoid fever may be rickettsial disease; And treatise on febrile disease is the pathological features and clinical treatment of rickettsial disease, is the synopsis introduced the treatment of complications and sequelae.

        "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" is the summary of the prevention and treatment of plague

        Eastern han dynasty last years blighted, academic communication inconvenience, it is difficult to summarize all the theory of exogenous diseases. Moreover, author of typhoid miscellaneous disease theory, only for a disease to a large number of cases observed for a long time, can have such specific experience. Only when these cases are the same disease, patients with different is typical of the similar symptoms and regularity of the course, and then summarizes a set of treatment plan.

        "The element theory of q, hot" cloud: "today's fever, typhoid fever, also." "Difficult" yue: "typhoid fever has five: stroke, typhoid fever, have a wet temperature, have a fever, have a warm disease, its bitter each are not identical." Typhoid fever has broad sense and narrow sense, but "the theory of typhoid miscellaneous diseases," said: "more, yu clan to more than two hundred, take a epoch, not ten mori, the victim two three, typhoid, seven out of ten." Such a high mortality rate of typhoid department of infectious diseases.

        Infectious diseases, called will hapen, disease, warm disease, "ShiMing · release day" cloud: "people will hapen, and calendar, the popular disease gas, such as grinding objects through injury." In zuozhuan, the cry of the load will hapen have disaster "day", the "book of songs" take weeks you king (781 BC - 781 BC) "commend Arabian Chai, disturbance,", "mann disease, days Benedict drop loss; Mo I famine, the people die in exile". Plague, the word "Lin:" disease prevalence is." Plague from Ed from the service, is the military service, the labor, the rites, officer ":" in the army to do field service ", so the disease is also called "disease. Zuozhuan Xi male 16 years, JiGuoZheng civilian worker build 鄫 city, "" disease", du note: "service people encounter will hapen gas".

        Mozi, universal love ", "JinSui LiYi, many peoples... frozen hungry, go die in ravines, I have all the time." Ancient theology, and link will hapen with ghosts and gods, zuozhuan, the cloud: "will hapen, and the evil spirits"; "ShiMing" yue: ", the service, also in ghosts also line service." Temperature, the temperature, from the "le" from "prison" from the "melamine", refers to occur in the prisoner's influenza with fever, reason has "the cell temperature, prison disease". After change to "shut up" to "day" into "昷", "Ed" instead of "le" for "wen". Temperature, and a "殟," shuo wen jie zi ":" 殟, bursts of ignorance ", refers to the abrupt loss of consciousness, namely coma; Xu Kai "is the" cloud: "殟, flexion and death". So warm disease are fever, coma for primary symptom of disease.

        Lowlifes and prisoners, because of the plague to the peerage don't like, so to allow for the "typhoid fever", "save died after elbow" cloud: "typhoid, brutality, plague, three of the same kind of ear, and the source of this little... clinical symptoms are similar, expensive YaYan, total of typhoid. Secular for number is:, doctrine character carved five temperature, are extremely big to end, is a common way also." The prescriptions of yue: "cloud typhoid, is peirce words; the sky line, plague, is made up of fields and between the ears."

        Without specific era background of theory. According to "were" such as records, the eastern han dynasty last years (AD 119-119) at least 10 times more large-scale plague epidemic, including at least four times: take years sussing out early (196 ~ 205 AD), take thirteen years (AD 208), twenty-two years (AD 217), twenty-four years (AD 219), and the plague killed a large number of population.

        In the face of such situation, people or "fall will forfeit one's honour, qin at WuZhu", or "hold to your jack, appoint FuFan medical, taste the measures", the result of death. This will force a subject to rethink the cause of disease pathogenesis, looking for effective treatment. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" is a sense of the decline of old, injury of horizontal vessels don't save, frequently asks the old adage, to seize the party, under the background of the cold climate caused by a "gas" of pawn ran by the evil wind and evil in the beginning of the performance of cold, fever, headache, body pain disease of "very" namely plague called "typhoid fever".

        "Element asked, hot theory" pointed out: "typhoid fever, a day... three Yin and three Yang, giant Yang from diseases insides all attack, not RongWei, five zang-organs, has died. The two are not in the cold, 7 giant Yang disease, the more headache less... 12 jue Yin disease, longitudinal lower abdomen micro capsule, the atmosphere is to, sick days gone". On miscellaneous diseases of adhering to the "say to the sun, shaoyang disease, yangming disease, lunar disease, jue Yin disease, shaoyin disease sum up the pathological changes of the typhoid, detail or lost after treatment, the condition of the disease after change, seen in clinical validation" element asked, hot theory ".

        At the same time, the eastern han dynasty last years war continually, traffic inconvenience, difficult academic communication between each other, and backward technology, understanding difficult to in-depth, and no thought all ready exogenous diseases theory summary. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory", therefore, the author's experience of prevention and control of the plague, only on a particular disease made a large number of cases observed for a long time, can have such specific experience. Only when these cases are the same disease, patients with different is typical of the similar symptoms and regularity of the course, can be summed up a set of relevant to clinical treatment.

        Indeed, patients with same disease constitution difference, degree of sense of evil and an inveterate disease and treatment when no effects, such as for patients with different clinical manifestations will inevitably exist certain differences, especially the complications and sequelae are obviously different, nature can't completely by the sun, Yang, Yang Ming, lunar, jue Yin less and less Yin summary, because of this, "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" of the lack of rigorous logic. Treatise on febrile disease, the originally set from synopsis together, obviously is around typhoid, observes the miscellaneous diseases as typhoid complications or sequela, some contents belong to the differential diagnosis.

        Han dynasty plague and rickettsial disease

        About ticks, lice, fleas, mites, called shot work) for the disease, such as in the ancient literature has a very detailed records. These know it through a large number of cases observed, shoot tip like the western jin dynasty experienced worker disease, the popularity of stream temperature. And most people think that modern shoot disease and stream temperature typhus fever is a rickettsial disease.

        Starting from the historical records and medical comparison, the plague may be rickettsiosis of han dynasty. Rickettsial disease infection is mainly small mammals, rodents and livestock, media mainly arthropods, such as ticks, lice, fleas, mites, etc.

        "Were" load: "emperor ChuPing offered four years (193) in June, when the cold wind if winter". Han, wars and natural disasters, climate cold, poor sanitation, soldiers and people long-term strained and difficult to shower and change clothes, easy to grow lice, so-called "armour Ji tick", "poor long as lice. Lice large growth leads to a plague of han dynasty. Cao cao "line in the artemisia" said when the plague epidemic, "armor Ji lice and surname to death."

        When it was popular han chiggers disease. "Guang" cloud: "red chiggers, big but Ji", "the worm in the water, into the skin, kill people." Ge hong "elbow rear" cloud: "many landscape chiggers, very fine just invisible, people into the water bath bath water bath, and the worm in the water, the man, and also in the cloudy rain cursive, then go early lining... have to the skin is red, such as bean, millet millet, with the hand on the red, pain, such as thorn. Three days later, the joint is strong, the pain, fever, red hair sores. This worm fade in to the bone, then kill." Ge hong "holding tastes yue:" chiggers, both land and water, and the morning after the XinYu before sunset, journey will be the man, only when the sun dry grass, hermes. It as big as the end of hair, at the beginning of the people, and into its lining, its like a thorn, make big pain... worms drill to the bone, then weeks to walk into the body, its similar to radiation workers, all evil spirit man. Man is a land of this worm, each also lived, which needs to broiling meteor to all, then this worm DuoDe also." Obviously, this is obtained through a large number of cases observed, that happened before the scholar-officials of han chiggers disease epidemic. Modern research, chiggers disease namely rickettsiosis tsutsugamushi disease.

        In addition, about the ticks and mites (ancient said of the work) for the disease, such as in the ancient literature has a very detailed records. These know it through a large number of cases observed, shoot tip like the western jin dynasty experienced worker disease, the popularity of stream temperature. Most people think that modern worker disease, stream temperature typhus fever is a rickettsial disease.

        Rickettsiosis host is mainly rats, sheep, dogs, cats, skunk, monkey, horse, bird, etc. Biography of han shu, the western regions, the western and northern xiongnu, qiang people, "the people with the animal husbandry and routes, has a donkey horse, TuoTuo more." When the western han dynasty, the emperor of the huns launched a military offensive, "the huns WenHanJun to make wu buried cattle, sheep Yu Hanjun out on the road and water, in order to let" the han army. Contact with the han army or drinking cattle and sheep sheep and cattle bodies of plague happened after contaminated water.

        ZiZhiTongJian load, the eastern han dynasty emperor xi five years in March, when cutting qiang, "army the plague, the 10 # 3 four". Victory of the war, the Chinese won lots of trophies, including people, cattle, sheep, as the host was brought back to the central plains, for rickettsial disease transmission in the central plains region. Eastern han dynasty last years, the rapid climate change, very cold, finally lead to rickettsial disease epidemic. Have data show that the huns tribes have repeatedly occurred the plague. Later, on the back of han dynasty and xiongnu people force decline, and forced migration to the west, the disease has spread to the west, throughout the whole of the Eurasian continent, after the 2nd century of central Asia, South Asia, the Arabian peninsula, north Africa and Europe that plague many times.

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