"Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" is the plague prevention and control theory

Typhoid fever or for rickettsial disease - han dynasty

Time: 2015-10-23

Source: China's traditional Chinese medicine

Author: Liu Xuyin

Editor's note: the typhoid miscellaneous disease theory in philosophical theory of typhoid and miscellaneous diseases with viscera theory, established the diagnosis and treatment of syndrome differentiation and treatment system, is a notorious Fang Zu. But that generations of physicians have been elucidated the book of theories; Especially around its prevention and treatment of acute warm disease etiology, syndrome differentiation and treatment ideas and choose the clinical problems such as debate rages. In this paper, from the han dynasty the plague natural foci of the infectious diseases rickettsial disease characteristics match, "the theory of typhoid miscellaneous diseases," typhoid fever characteristics meet rickettsial disease, etc, this paper discusses the: han dynasty popular typhoid fever may be rickettsial disease; And treatise on febrile disease is the pathological features and clinical treatment of rickettsial disease, is the synopsis introduced the treatment of complications and sequelae.

【 "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" is the summary of the prevention and treatment of plague 】

Eastern han dynasty last years blighted, academic communication inconvenience, it is difficult to summarize all the theory of exogenous diseases. Moreover, author of typhoid miscellaneous disease theory, only for a disease to a large number of cases observed for a long time, can have such specific experience. Only when these cases are the same disease, patients with different is typical of the similar symptoms and regularity of the course, and then summarizes a set of treatment plan.

"Element asked, hot theory" cloud: "today's fever, typhoid fever, also." "Difficult" yue: "typhoid fever has five: stroke, typhoid fever, have a wet temperature, have a fever, have a warm disease, its bitter each are not identical." Typhoid fever has broad sense and narrow sense, but "the theory of typhoid miscellaneous diseases," said: "more, yu clan to more than two hundred, take a epoch, not ten mori, the victim two three, typhoid, seven out of ten." Such a high mortality rate of typhoid department of infectious diseases.

Infectious diseases, called will hapen, disease, warm disease, "ShiMing • release day" cloud: "people will hapen, and calendar, the popular disease gas, such as grinding objects through injury." In zuozhuan, the cry of the load will hapen have disaster "day", the "book of songs" take weeks you king (781 BC - 781 BC) "commend Arabian Chai, disturbance,", "mann disease, days Benedict drop loss; Mo I famine, the people die in exile". Plague, the word "Lin:" disease prevalence is." Plague from Ed from the service, is the military service, the labor, the rites, officer ":" in the army to do field service ", so the disease is also called "disease. Zuozhuan Xi male 16 years, JiGuoZheng civilian worker build 鄫 city, "" disease", du note: "service people encounter will hapen gas".

"Mozi, universal love" : "JinSui LiYi, many peoples... frozen hungry, go die in ravines, I have all the time." Ancient theology, and link will hapen with ghosts and gods, zuozhuan, the cloud: "will hapen, and the evil spirits"; "ShiMing" yue: ", the service, also in ghosts also line service." Temperature, the temperature, from the "le" from "prison" from the "melamine", refers to occur in the prisoner's influenza with fever, reason has "the cell temperature, prison disease". After change to "shut up" to "day" into "昷", "Ed" instead of "le" for "wen". Temperature, and a "殟," shuo wen jie zi ":" 殟, bursts of ignorance ", refers to the abrupt loss of consciousness, namely coma; Xu Kai "is the" cloud: "殟, flexion and death". So warm disease are fever, coma for primary symptom of disease.

Lowlifes and prisoners, because of the plague to the peerage don't like, so to allow for the "typhoid fever", "save died after elbow" cloud: "typhoid, brutality, plague, three of the same kind of ear, and the source of this little... clinical symptoms are similar, and expensive - Sylvia, a total of typhoid. Secular for number is:, doctrine character carved five temperature, are extremely big to end, is a common way also." The prescriptions of yue: "cloud typhoid, is peirce words; the sky line, plague, is made up of fields and between the ears."

Without specific era background of theory. According to "were" such as records, the eastern han dynasty last years (AD 119-119) at least 10 times more large-scale plague epidemic, including at least four times: take years sussing out early (196 ~ 205 AD), take thirteen years (AD 208), twenty-two years (AD 217), twenty-four years (AD 219), and the plague killed a large number of population.

In the face of such situation, people or "fall will forfeit one's honour, qin at WuZhu", or "hold to your jack, appoint FuFan medical, taste the measures", the result of death. This will force a subject to rethink the cause of disease pathogenesis, looking for effective treatment. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" is a sense of the decline of old, injury of horizontal vessels don't save, frequently asks the old adage, to seize the party, under the background of the cold climate caused by a "gas" of pawn ran by the evil wind and evil in the beginning of the performance of cold, fever, headache, body pain disease of "very" namely plague called "typhoid fever".

"The element theory of q," pointed out: "typhoid fever, a day... three Yin and three Yang, giant Yang from diseases insides all attack, not RongWei, five zang-organs, has died. The two are not in the cold, 7 giant Yang disease, the more headache less... 12 jue Yin disease, longitudinal lower abdomen micro capsule, the atmosphere is to, sick days gone". On miscellaneous diseases of adhering to the "say to the sun, shaoyang disease, yangming disease, lunar disease, jue Yin disease, shaoyin disease sum up the pathological changes of the typhoid, detail or lost after treatment, the condition of the disease after change, seen in clinical validation" element asked, hot theory ".

At the same time, the eastern han dynasty last years war continually, traffic inconvenience, difficult academic communication between each other, and backward technology, understanding difficult to in-depth, and no thought all ready exogenous diseases theory summary. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory", therefore, the author's experience of prevention and control of the plague, only on a particular disease made a large number of cases observed for a long time, can have such specific experience. Only when these cases are the same disease, patients with different is typical of the similar symptoms and regularity of the course, can be summed up a set of relevant to clinical treatment.

Indeed, patients with same disease constitution difference, degree of sense of evil and an inveterate disease and treatment when no effects, such as for patients with different clinical manifestations will inevitably exist certain differences, especially the complications and sequelae are obviously different, nature can't completely by the sun, Yang, Yang Ming, lunar, jue Yin less and less Yin summary, because of this, "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" of the lack of rigorous logic. Treatise on febrile disease, the originally set from synopsis together, obviously is around typhoid, observes the miscellaneous diseases as typhoid complications or sequela, some contents belong to the differential diagnosis.

The han dynasty the plague consistent with rickettsiosis 】

About ticks, lice, fleas, mites, called shot work) for the disease, such as in the ancient literature has a very detailed records. These know it through a large number of cases observed, shoot tip like the western jin dynasty experienced worker disease, the popularity of stream temperature. And most people think that modern shoot disease and stream temperature typhus fever is a rickettsial disease.

Starting from the historical records and medical comparison, the plague may be rickettsiosis of han dynasty. Rickettsial disease infection is mainly small mammals, rodents and livestock, media mainly arthropods, such as ticks, lice, fleas, mites, etc.

"Were" load: "emperor ChuPing offered four years (193) in June, when the cold wind if winter". Han, wars and natural disasters, climate cold, poor sanitation, soldiers and people long-term strained and difficult to shower and change clothes, easy to grow lice, so-called "armour Ji tick", "poor long as lice. Lice large growth leads to a plague of han dynasty. Cao cao "line in the artemisia" said when the plague epidemic, "armor Ji lice and surname to death."

When it was popular han chiggers disease. "Guang" cloud: "red chiggers, big but Ji", "the worm in the water, into the skin, kill people." Ge hong "elbow rear" cloud: "many landscape chiggers, very fine just invisible, people into the water bath bath water bath, and the worm in the water, the man, and also in the cloudy rain cursive, then go early lining... have to the skin is red, such as bean, millet millet, with the hand on the red, pain, such as thorn. Three days later, the joint is strong, the pain, fever, red hair sores. This worm fade in to the bone, then kill." Ge hong "holding tastes yue:" chiggers, both land and water, and the morning after the XinYu before sunset, journey will be the man, only when the sun dry grass, hermes. It as big as the end of hair, at the beginning of the people, and into its lining, its like a thorn, make big pain... worms drill to the bone, then weeks to walk into the body, its similar to radiation workers, all evil spirit man. Man is a land of this worm, each also lived, which needs to broiling meteor to all, then this worm DuoDe also." Obviously, this is obtained through a large number of cases observed, that happened before the scholar-officials of han chiggers disease epidemic. Modern research, chiggers disease namely rickettsiosis tsutsugamushi disease.

In addition, about the ticks and mites (ancient said of the work) for the disease, such as in the ancient literature has a very detailed records. These know it through a large number of cases observed, shoot tip like the western jin dynasty experienced worker disease, the popularity of stream temperature. Most people think that modern worker disease, stream temperature typhus fever is a rickettsial disease.

Rickettsiosis host is mainly rats, sheep, dogs, cats, skunk, monkey, horse, bird, etc. Biography of han shu, the western regions, the western and northern xiongnu, qiang people, "the people with the animal husbandry and routes, has a donkey horse, camel." When the western han dynasty, the emperor of the huns launched a military offensive, "the huns WenHanJun to make wu buried cattle, sheep Yu Hanjun out on the road and water, in order to let" the han army. Contact with the han army or drinking cattle and sheep sheep and cattle bodies of plague happened after contaminated water.

History As A Mirror load, the eastern han dynasty emperor xi five years in March, when cutting qiang, "army the plague, the 10 # 3 four". Victory of the war, the Chinese won lots of trophies, including people, cattle, sheep, as the host was brought back to the central plains, for rickettsial disease transmission in the central plains region. Eastern han dynasty last years, the rapid climate change, very cold, finally lead to rickettsial disease epidemic. Have data show that the huns tribes have repeatedly occurred the plague. Later, on the back of han dynasty and xiongnu people force decline, and forced migration to the west, the disease has spread to the west, throughout the whole of the Eurasian continent, after the 2nd century of central Asia, South Asia, the Arabian peninsula, north Africa and Europe that plague many times.

【 typhoid characteristics conform to the rickettsiosis 】

Patients after feeling rickettsial disease evil because of the strength of the vital qi, constitution of fever, the weight of the pathogens and old trouble, influence and appear does not pass, or to pass on scripture (across the unknown, unknown, passing on the table), or straight, or illness and disease, bad disease etc; Therefore, summed up hidden relieving meridian disease has the sun stroke, typhoid fever, wet, shaoyang stroke in the sun, sun painful disease and Ye, or disease.

Rickettsial disease all can happen all the year round, a few prodrome, such as fever, fatigue, headache, dizziness, chills, nausea. The vast majority of onset, sharply characterized by rapid fever, chills, headache, dizziness, back pain. This is known as the "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" of the sun as the disease, floating pulse, head strong pain and bad cold ", "the sun disease, headache, fever, body aches, back pain, joints ache, evil wind, without sweat out".

Rickettsial disease epidemic typhus, endemic typhus, tsutsugamushi disease, Q fever, trench fever, such as different types, have different clinical manifestations. Patients feeling because of the strength of the vital qi, constitution of fever after evil influence, the weight of the pathogens and old trouble and don't pass, or to pass on scripture (across the unknown, unknown, passing on the table), or straight, or illness and disease, bad disease and so on are different, so the summed up hidden relieving meridian disease has the sun stroke, typhoid fever, wet, shaoyang stroke in the sun, sun Ye in painful disease and don't of, or disease:

"The sun disease, or has a fever, or fever, will the evil cold, body pain, sickness is inverse, Yin tight of arteries and veins, called typhoid." "The sun, heat, sweat out, evil wind, slow pulse, called stroke." "The sun, hot and thirsty, no evil cold, warm disease. If sweating, body heat, wind temperature." "YangMingZhong wind, mouth pain, dry throat, belly full, slightly cold, fever, bad breath, pulse and tight." "Little Yang stroke, two ear not smell, red eyes, and regard to bother, do not spit, spit the nervous and surprised." "Sun Ye, evil cold fever, the body weight and pain, the pulse string fine Kou late". "The sun and yangming disease, asthma and chest filled with"; "The sun and Yang and less disease, severe pain, or dizzy to risk, such as" chest, the heart of the new hard "; "Three Yang disease, belly full, body weight, it is difficult to turn side, mouth and face scale, delirious speech, enuresis"; "SAN Yang disease, floating of arteries and veins, closed, but want to sleep sleep, eyes closed," khan.

Fever is a rickettsial disease characteristics, body temperature is at its peak in 2 ~ 4 days after onset, can reach more than 39 ℃ to 40 ℃, show is not evil evil cold hot, hot, polydipsia, sweating, headquarters or the number of arteries and veins, this is known as typhoid yangming disease. Cloud: "element asked" typhoid fever "held by 2". "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" yue: "card of yangming disease outside... body heat, sweat out, not the evil cold, the evil heat also."

Rickettsial disease has obvious effects of whole body, such as chills, severe headache, high fatigue, insomnia, the whole body muscle pain, appetite decrease, eye conjunctiva congestion and face, which is also a common symptom of typhoid fever. "Element asked" cloud: typhoid fever "held by the 2nd,... the man of arteries and veins of nasal complex in the eye, so hot and dry nose, can not lie." "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" yue: "... the sun disease limb micro urgent, difficult to expand "; "Sun, eight of the nine days, such as malaria, fever evil cold, cold hot much less...... face with warm color, also did not want to solution". "Yangming disease, can't eat"; Typhoid fever "if the sun does not"... a disease and face is red, the geopolitical sun be the spirit Fei yu "in the table. "Typhoid fever 6, 7, in an item, eyes, table card, defecate is difficult, and slight fever, this is real also." "Yangming disease, red".

Bronchitis, pneumonia is a common complication of rickettsial disease combined infections can be severe pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia sequela, and can be in delay into pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary emphysema, characterized by cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, etc. The typhoid miscellaneous disease theory not only think of typhoid fever and cough, "cough have small breath", "breath and chest filled with"; And realize the "heat in the upper energizer, because for lung impotent cough... if monarch monarch dry mouth, faint pain, cough or chest pulse reverse slip, this is the lung, cough salivary purulent blood. Pulse number of virtual for lung impotent, several subjects for pulmonary abscess... the wind in the lungs, the person is cough, dry mouth breath, pharynx dry not thirsty, salivary turbidity foam, always cold." "On the gas, face edema, shoulder, the float large arteries and veins, not"; "On the gas, the breath and calm, belong to lung expansion".

"On the pathogenic hou" pointed out: "typhoid fever... and after Chai syndromes of judah, and stop is not mentioned in the lungs of judah is evil. Cold cuts, first fur. The fur of the lung, the lung main gas, cold cardiac pulmonary gas, into the insides, so the table hot. After thermal annealing, lung and, evil still unfinished, evil with the air into the lungs, and pulmonary gas phase, so the typhoid disease syndromes of judah also."

Rickettsial disease common symptoms of nervous system, such as headache, be agitated, continuous high fever, often appear dull of delirium, consciousness, and even coma and meningeal stimulation, etc. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" think typhoid fever can not sleep, irritability, delirious speech, mad, or forget, only like hell, is not man, like a cloud: "the sun disease 6, 7... man crazy"; "Yangming disease... dry in the stomach, bowel movement will be hard, hard is delirious speech"; "Yangming disease... if sweating the manic, heart kick kick against delirious speech"; "Yang, the man happy forget, there will be blood" storage.

Rickettsial disease, especially the typhus fever also can lead to cerebral ischemia, characterized by numbness, limb paralysis, speech etc, this is known as a stroke. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" not only has the said of typhoid sun stroke, and clearly pointed out: "the wind is for the disease, when hemiplegia, or but found in the arm, this is bi. Micro pulse number, the result of a stroke. Cunkou pulse floating and tight, tight for the cold, floating is virtual, cold empty muscle, evil on the skin. Floating blood deficiency, collaterals emptiness, thieves evil not diarrhea, or left or right, pathogens, the slow, vital qi is nasty, upright, evil, cheung found in plant. Evil is complex, the skin goes; evil lies in the classics, namely heavy there; evil in house, not man; the evil in Tibet, the tongue is hardly, vomit a Christmas."

Rickettsial disease often damage the digestive system, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation, weiwantong, abdominal pain, jaundice, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, concurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatitis, peritonitis. Typhoid fever to Yang Ming, lunar, shaoyin phase under the common heart, oh, Hui, full mouth not to eat, belly full, hard stool, under the new, from heart, etc. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" cloud: "five 6 typhoid stroke, fever, chest pain full, hey hey, not for eating, upset xi ou, or chests are bored and not ou, or thirst, or stomach pain, or threats of the new hard"; Under the "typhoid fever, 7 six... the heart pain, hard as a stone of"; "Lunar when happen yellow"; "Typhoid fever and blood stasis in the heat, the body will be yellow"; "Typhoid 7 8, the yellow color such as orange, urination, abdominal micro, full body mesh to yellow"; "And solar heat disease, bladder, the person such as crazy, blood from under"; Heart under the xiphoid process, the REINS, the viscera under xiphoid process is stomach, liver, spleen, according to the new force of hard and REINS hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice is a sign of liver damage. Liver damage cured, cirrhosis of the liver, the accumulation of traditional Chinese medicine, namely "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory discusses the accumulation, vomiting blood, the blood, the treatment of vomiting.

Rickettsial disease can harm the cardiovascular, leading to cardiac arrhythmia, shock, concurrent myocarditis, endocarditis, heart failure, myocardial infarction. Appeared after the shock from fever, restlessness to chills, burnout. Shock, heart failure is a traditional Chinese medicine jue inverse, jue, septic shock is thermal shock heart exhaustion shaoyin cold jue. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" thinks "typhoid fever 6, 7, pulse, limbs of appetite, irritability, moxibustion jue Yin. Jue also, not death". "For the disease of shaoyin, pulse fine, but to believe, hide no Yang card, no fever, man anti static". "Typhoid jue, a two solstice four 5 will fever, fever, after will faint. Jue deep hot also deep, jue micro thermal also micro." "Typhoid fever, jue 5, hot also 5, 6 when complex jue; don't jue self-healing." "Typhoid vein and jue, 8 to seven skin cold, his rashness, without temporary Ann, this is a dirty jue." "Typhoid pulse slip and jue, there is hot." Myocarditis, endocarditis in heart palpitations, chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath as the main performance of this is known as "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" obstruction of heartache shortness of breath.

Rickettsial disease, especially the typhus, tsutsugamushi disease mainly ticks, ticks, mites, tsutsugamushi disease, such as bites by bite a skin rash, itching, concurrent infections, ulcers, produce eschar, ulcer, this is known as "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" of ulcers. Exanthematous typhus, tsutsugamushi disease is an important clinical signs, often appear after the onset of 5 ~ 6, last 5 to 7 days. Rash is given priority to with chest, back, abdomen, limbs to development, this is known as "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" of immersion. Rash can damage the perineum, genitals, anus, mouth, this is known as fox and confused. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" cloud: "fox and confused for the disease, such as typhoid fever, quietly to sleep, may not be closed, lie the nervous, erosion in the throat for, eclipse next to fox, not for eating, evil smell of food, his face suddenly red, first black, on white. Erosion in the upper drink (ga) make a sound". "On the pathogenic hou" cloud: "the fox and confused two sick, also is the throat, the Yin is disease. Early shape such as typhoid fever, or because of typhoid fever and become ill."

Spotted principle of period can appear was slow, delirium, empty, incontinence, symptoms such as diarrhea, sore throat, dysphagia, and this is typhoid fever, Yin and Yang. "Typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" cloud: "Yang poison for disease, face red stains such as brocade, sore throat... for disease of maliciousness, face, body pain, such as rod, sore throat, 5 remedy, seven days not cure." "Elbow rear" yue: "typhoid ChengYang poison... at the 2nd body weight low back pain, boredom, boastful talk or walk, or see the ghosts and gods, or vomiting blood, its pulse floating of large Numbers, face red stains such as kam, sore throat, salivary purulent blood, can treat, five days to seven days shall not treat also... typhoid disease at the beginning of a 2, then form a cover-up... strong body weight back, stomach cramps, under the strong heart, shortness of breath may not interest rates, ou inverse, lips blue face black, limb of appetite, pulse heavy fine tight... five 6 remedy, to seven day rule".

Throughout the occurrence/development of rickettsial disease and "typhoid miscellaneous disease theory" described is very similar, therefore, can be thought of han dynasty popular typhoid fever may be rickettsial disease. Treatise on febrile disease is the pathology of rickettsial disease characteristics and clinical treatment, the mainly from synopsis introduced the treatment of complications and sequela.