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Hong Kong health reform "free lunch" collection
Reporter Yao
People's network-people's daily
Hard to find perfect health care system in the world, think globally, marauding healthcare reform topics.
Had a population of more than 7 million Hong Kong over the years by the Government through public hospitals to provide high welfare, Medicare service charges. This is Hong Kong drama called "with socialist characteristics" of the health care system, praise for the countries in the world. To prevent "free lunch one day", from the last century 80 's, the healthcare topics in our community discussions. From before and after the reunification to discuss having passed, has not been settled.
More than 20 years on, characters from each of the views in discussions on health reform, drove black hair became white hair, "free lunch" is, perhaps this difficult process is appropriate for footnotes.
On January 7, 2011, the end of the second stage consultation of the HKSAR Government health care reform. January 20, 2011, NLH foundation stone laying ceremony in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang announced: in the middle of the SAR Government will announce the results of the consultation and deployment plans on health reform. Lasted for more than 20 years of great debate on health reform in Hong Kong, perhaps in 2011 to see measurable results.
High welfare and low fees
"Socialist characteristics" of the health care system
No prior to Hong Kong, many people think that high cost of living in Hong Kong, it is not easy to Hong Kong people see a doctor must be expensive. Personal experience, I found was a "misunderstanding".
Media persons sent to work in Hong Kong from the Mainland xialin has that kind of experience. At first appearance, he is worried about overly expensive in Hong Kong, colds and other minor illnesses have their own carrying, not to the hospital. Six months after the day he suddenly vomiting and diarrhea, colleagues sent him to a nearby public hospital emergency room. Double check the doctor gave him after losing fluid, also for a few days of pills, all $ 100 fee is registered upon (Hong Kong dollar, the same below). Xialin illness on this feeling, our colleagues said, "Hong Kong public hospital was such that before 2002 Hong Kong emergency room is free!" xialin suddenly why earlier in Hong Kong TV series on the emergency room, don't see paying plot.
Xialin enjoying Hong Kong Government as a "qualified person" provision of medical and health benefits. So-called qualified persons, as well as Hong Kong permanent residents, including xialin learning of non-permanent residents in Hong Kong in Hong Kong.
Hong Kong's health care system continues the United Kingdom for tax-oriented system of universal health services, hosted by the direct integration of medical and health care services. Hospital Authority of its 41 hospitals and medical institutions, 48 rooms and 74 general outpatient specialist clinics provide a per cent of hospital services and 88% in the territory of outpatient services. 92% per cent of the funding of public medical institutions funded by the Government's budget, all Hong Kong residents to enjoy the same standard of public services, public pays medical expense ratio is very low. General out-patient charges $ 45, specialist out-patient treatment for the first time individuals need to pay $ 100, subsequent visits to pay $ 60 at a time, costs include fees, registration fees and medical diagnosis and treatment of all expenses, pay $ 10 each drug. Hospital to pay $ 100 a day, including the surgical fees, medicines, beds, meals, etc, but in fact, each patient a day fee of up to HK $ 3,000, and these differences are borne by the Government. People in financial difficulty may apply reduced rates or exemptions at his own expense. Of course, the patient must also obey the severity of priorities of public medical institutions, according to their diagnosis, hospitalization or surgical arrangement, you cannot choose doctors, provided by the hospital wards are essentially 3-5 more patients.
"In Hong Kong, there are no poor people look down on. At a public hospital, regardless of the rich and the equality of high or low. "Hong Kong Hospital Authority Chairman Anthony Wu Ting-yuk had media proudly on the Mainland. "Financial Secretary John Tsang hospital acute heart surgery, I was asked, he was Financial Secretary, is instantly surgery? of course not, Financial Secretary and ordinary people. Real life is in danger, and certainly would let you do. ”
Long loading, waiting
Potential in the changing health care system
Public hospital charges are low, but the service does not provide discount, by contrast, the same service private hospital fees are much higher in Hong Kong, outpatient costs at every turn to four hundred or five hundred dollars, hospital cost thousands of dollars a day, do a surgery to hundreds of thousands of dollars, of course, much greater freedom, freedom to choose the doctor and the doctor. Two-phase comparison, minor illness while watching out for the convenience of the Hong Kong people will choose private clinics, in-patient public hospital in the vast majority of people choose to. For decades, public health indicators and life expectancy ranking highest in the world, mainly to public hospitals, private hospitals supplement has made an important contribution to the national health system, but there are also appearing.
The most obvious problem when the number of public hospitals took too long. Hong Kong's public hospital emergency department if non-critical condition, wait for one or two hours is a very common thing. Specialist outpatient, inpatient and surgical waiting time for months. Current members of the public for the first time an appointment specialist outpatient waiting period of about 4 weeks, cancer surgery normally take 3-4 months, waiting time for cataract surgery and even up to 3 years.
In Hong Kong, the people in addition to emergency cannot run straight to the hospital for medical treatment, to hold a primary hospital referral letters available. Even so, University hospital waiting time at the top of the pyramid are still very long. In recent years, in order to solve the problem of long waiting times, Hong Kong Hospital Authority has taken a number of measures. In 2008, the authority has launched the "dazzling" plans to finance long waiting times for cataract patients to private clinics to undergo surgery, financing amount up to $ 5,000 per person, in part by the patient pays the difference, so far, more than 7,000 people have benefited, but many people still choose to public hospital waiting for some.
Anthony Wu Ting-yuk does not mince words phenomenon of abuse of the public health care resources, "the emergency room for almost two-thirds is not a true emergency. "Members of the Executive Council was interviewed Dr LEONG pointedly noted that," the Government didn't have a good development of community clinics and primary care triage, rich folk shiwudaxiao the poor government medical. Each year during late spring and cold in Hong Kong, government hospital emergency room full of people suffering from colds and flu, small private doctors or family doctor can take care of, it ran to the Government hospital accept headers to toe examination. ”
Deeper worry is the Government finances was a heavy burden. Worried about starting from the last century 80 's step by step are proved in recent years, the Government in health care investment increasing from 2005-2006 for about $, increasing to $ 33 billion in 2009-2010, the average annual increment of 4.9%. 2009-2010 estimates of health spending as a share of total expenditure for the financial 14.8%, second only to education expenditure ratio (22.3%) and social welfare (16.3%). According to statistics, as the population ages, this ratio is expected to increase in 2016 to 23%. In other words, the recent one-fourth by the Government expenditure will be used to maintain normal functioning of the health care system.
Financing to pay more
Hong Kong's future by your choice
"Do not health care reform, the outcome was reduction in education and other social welfare, or substantial tax increases. "Warning from the experts is not an alarmist. As early as 1997, shortly after the return of Hong Kong, commissioned by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Harvard University School of public health of the existing health care system, renowned Harvard report was submitted to the Hong Kong's health care reform--what we have to change? and for whom change?. Report finds that health care system must be reformed in Hong Kong, guided by the principles of the reform, the establishment of a system of shared responsibility of the Government and the public, those who can pay more.
"Our health care system is recognized as one of the best in the world, but without reform, does not finance, maintain after all does not go on to bankruptcy. "Anthony Wu Ting-yuk say. In March 2008, the Government published a document entitled the familiar health mastering life's consultation paper on health care reform, introduced social health insurance, pays expenses, medical savings accounts, voluntary private health insurance, compulsory private health insurance, individual health insurance reserve six kinds of health care financing options.
March 13, 2008, Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang, statement on the public consultation on health reform, "the health care reform, to all people in the future, our children and our future developments is essential. ”
Massive publicity, after baichang on workshop, the first phase of the consultation ended. October 2010, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government issued a medical consultation document, the second phase of the reform of the public health insurance plan of my choice, has proposed a voluntary medical insurance regulated by the Government in order to promote long-term sustainable development of the health care system in the hope that by directing numerous capacity to pay of the middle class to purchase business insurance, improve the situation of imbalance between public and private services, to promote private sector development, increase the amount of overall medical system.
"Free lunch" is, enjoy the "free lunch" has become a habit of Hong Kong people can change ideas and discussed over healthcare reform in Hong Kong is expected in 2011 an arduous step? Hong Kong scholar He Baoying, perhaps can be used as a reference: "every health care system is committed to fair, high quality, more selection, high efficiency and cost control goals. Unfortunately, these tend to have the potential for conflict between the goals. And there is no health care system in the world, the ruling must make a choice on these targets. "For our future, both the Government and the public must make a choice.
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