Traditional Chinese medicine (99) are scattered around the wind heat of chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum has the effect of wind heat, liver, used in the treatment of wind hot cold, headache, dizziness, eye sore, red and white eyes are dim. The medica preparation "records:" chrysanthemum aroma and bitter, sex was made in the peace, has four gas, frost and dew to the essence of the liquid gold, two profit lung kidney "; "Compendium of materia medica gleanings" records: "all the limelight dazzled, clear functions, search of diseases, beneficial blood run capacity". Modern pharmacology study shows that chrysanthemum has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, shu blood vessels, reducing blood fat, anti-tumor, lead, and other pharmacological effects. Tire chrysanthemum can effectively reduce the computer radiation damage to human body, especially the harm of eyes, add a moderate amount of medlar, mulberry leaf, such as mixing bubble drink, is the characteristics of TCM classics remove something bright eye - qi tea, chrysanthemum tea and relaxed embellish.

Plant forms

Plant height of 20-200 cm, usually ㎝ 30-90. Stems pale green or brown color, in addition to the cliff chrysanthemum to erect branches, basal half lignification. Leaves simple, alternate, egg circle to oblong, margin incision and sawtooth. Capitulum or altar, one or several in clusters. Lingulate flowers for female flowers, tubular flowers bisexual flower. Tongue, spoon tube, abnormal under the flower is divided into four classes, color is rich, have red, yellow, white, ink, purple, green, orange, pink, brown, fruit, light green, etc. Tubular flowers has developed into a variety of color "anemone disc", design and color is red, yellow, white, purple, green, pink, multicolor, three color, etc. Inflorescence have different size and shape, has a single, double; Sector, a spherical; Flocculant has long have short, with flat flocculant flocculant and volume; Hollow and solid; Straight and pendulous; The style is various, species complex. According to bloom sooner or later, have a chrysanthemum (open) in September, early autumn chrysanthemum (October to November), late chrysanthemum (December and January), but after the gardener of hard cultivation, change the sunshine condition, may also have mayflower chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum flowering of July. According to distinguish, flower diameter size in more than 10 centimeters as large chrysanthemum flower diameter, flower diameter in 10-6 cm for chrysanthemum, flower diameter for both in under 6 cm. According to the disc type can be divided into flat valve, pipe valve, key disc three categories of more than ten types.

The main producing area

Chrysanthemum for commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the ancients called a "relation". TCM holds that chrysanthemum taste bitter, small cold, with a breeze, clear heat, bright eye, the effect of detoxification, compendium of materia medica of article nine hundred of "chrysanthemum", among them with HangJu, recommend her chrysanthemum, chuhe chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum is one of the most famous, there are "four big famous chrysanthemum", in fact, the four most famous chrysanthemum strengths and should be carefully selected.

Origin of tongxiang city of zhejiang province and hangzhou Bai Juhe huangshan mountain at the foot of huangshan florists chrysanthemum (huizhou) famous. Native of anhui bozhou recommend her chrysanthemum, chuzhou chuhe chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, sichuan nakae of zhejiang deqing's chrysanthemum, henan jiaozuo huai chrysanthemum (one of the four huaiqing Chinese medicines) has high efficacy. Huangshan, in particular, it grows in the mountain fog, adopt the spirit of huangshan, taps the essence of mountains and waters in the south of anhui, it's no polluting for modern people to have a higher value. Many different kinds of chrysanthemum, who don't know the ropes will choose flowers and large white chrysanthemum. In fact, small and ugly and the color yellow chrysanthemum is selected instead.

HangJu and tire chrysanthemum

HangJu mainly produced in tongxiang city, zhejiang province and other places, the quality of these areas is optimal, the large disc wide, white or yellowish-white, center yellow, delicate fragrance, GanWei bitter taste, is particularly suited to make tea to drink at home. Hangzhou white chrysanthemum succulent hypertrophy, taste fresh sweet, especially suitable for making tea drinking, with Chinese wolfberry suit can enhance the effect of nourishing the liver clear vision, is all day the office worker's eye with a computer company. Again in HangJu tire chrysanthemum as optimal, that is, not fully developed HangJu bud, rich smell, taste sweet. It is important to note that HangJu chrysanthemum is one of the most popular in the womb, but currently on the market of fake origin, excessive pesticide residues, bacteria, impurity, crushed, stoving problems such as serious, easy to cause discomfort. Quality inspection department in the sampling inspection of the tire chrysanthemum on the market, in addition to zhi-qian Chen tire chrysanthemum and a few other brand quality standard completely, most of them has a problem. Research on the surface of tire chrysanthemum (bud picking) sensory quality is better than that of chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum all picked), and its the main active ingredient content is significantly higher than that of chrysanthemum. Hangzhou white chrysanthemum is more suitable for the bud period (Daisy) picking drink, drink chrysanthemum market for tire chrysanthemum rush has its scientific nature.

Recommend her chrysanthemum

Recommend her chrysanthemum originated in anhui bozhou, air-dried medicine. Flowers in a loose, easily scattered disc is recommend her chrysanthemum is one of the important characteristics. Recommend her chrysanthemum by breeze cooling and good eyesight. If you accidentally got wind hot cold, might as well get recommend her chrysanthemum tea with rock sugar generation. Summer also recommend her chrysanthemum can be boiled into porridge with rice, can prevent heatstroke. The grass bouquet mirror with 1760 milli state with white chrysanthemum, accordingly, nano chrysanthemum cultivation at least 240 years. Nano chrysanthemum origin in milli states southeast along the vortex on both sides of the river. After the 1990 s, nano chrysanthemum concentration distribution in state xinji, big temple area, with large temple building cultivation is most concentrated.

Chuhe chrysanthemum

Chuhe chrysanthemum is mainly produced in anhui chuzhou, is chrysanthemum petals in one of the most closely. Chuhe chrysanthemum is partial to the liver Yang, often used in the treatment of liver Yang syndrone caused by dizzy disease, such as high blood pressure who belongs to the essence of liver Yang syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine can be chuhe chrysanthemum tea, cassia seed generation. "Ben gleanings" chrysanthemum "as pillow bright eye, headache dizziness, eye pain in the red is the essence of liver Yang who can use drug pillow made of chuhe chrysanthemum. Chuhe chrysanthemum is famous for its medicinal. In 1862, the wooden weeds, visible chuhe chrysanthemum famous recorded at least 150 years of history. , before the founding of the chuhe chrysanthemum is the leading producer of the chuhe county in anhui province, and set the far area, at the beginning of the founding of the revival of quanjiao, west Wang Chenghang planted chuhe chrysanthemum, then producing factory, sanhe area and south to horses. In the 1960 s quanjiao chuhe chrysanthemum production than the chuhe county, quanjiao is always the producing of chuhe chrysanthemum in the future.

Huai chrysanthemum

Huai chrysanthemum is mainly produced in north of henan, with chuhe chrysanthemum effect similar to that of is good at flat liver. Huai chrysanthemum huai chrysanthemum is one of the "four huaiqing Chinese medicines" in henan QinYang (pregnant celebrates), fraternity, wu, lu county area. Ancient wood much grass that is the real origin of medicinal chrysanthemum, henan henan chrysanthemum cultivation probably the most long, early opinion white yellow, the opinion might be the father of medicinal chrysanthemum varieties breeding out late. Need to be aware of is already taking huai chrysanthemum report of allergy in clinical, so drink of this product once allergic reactions such as a skin rash, should immediately stop taking.

Florists chrysanthemum

Florists chrysanthemum also known as the badge chrysanthemum, is developed as a chrysanthemum tea, alternaria alternata in anhui county. Florists chrysanthemum in qing guangxu 22 years (AD 1896) after introduced by huizhou merchants from zhejiang deqing gradually formed a distinctive authentic medicinal materials.

Henan kaifeng for chrysanthemum flower, breed is various, there are more than one thousand. Xinjiang tianshan mountains, kunlun mountains is a chrysanthemum tea industry output, called snow chrysanthemum, high-grade called red Wan, shaped like a Daisy, the Venetian red flowers, golden petals, tea soup carved lacquerware, is the new army of chrysanthemum tea.

Nutritional value

The flavonoids substances have been shown to the removal of the free radical has a strong role, and in antioxidant, anti-aging, etc. From the perspective of the nutrition of plants essence lies in the fruit. Chrysanthemum petals contains 17 kinds of amino acids, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline content is higher, etc. In addition, it is rich in vitamins and iron, zinc, copper, selenium and other trace elements, thus has the incomparable role to general fruits and vegetables.

Production methods

Best with bud, contains pollen. huangshan

huangshan

1, picked up the flowers sprouting up good, on the cage steam for 5 minutes. Pour in the disc hanging 3-4 hours.

2, double with the hand, touch hands, spend a little shrinkage appearance is ok.

3, pour a little sesame oil, rub pot even pour a chrysanthemum, fire, slowly with the back of hand, to no moisture, air dry again, see not to fry, to be patient, take a look at this is Fried good chrysanthemum tea.

4, Fried paste can't use, to keep in mind.

Drinking method

Qingxiang pleasant chamomile is suitable for making tea drinking, suzhou and hangzhou area to produce white chrysanthemum is selected. Drink chrysanthemum tea, had better use the transparent glass, each with four, five, with boiling water for 2-3 minutes. For seven eighty percent on hot water, tea can be seen gradually become yellowish. Every time drinking, don't drink at a time, to leave a third of a cup of tea, coupled with the new tea, bath, for a moment, then drink it.

When drink chrysanthemum tea in the cup, put a few rock candy, so drink taste more food. Add other tea, chrysanthemum tea isn't really only soak dried chrysanthemum or boiled water to drink, hot drinks in winter, the summer ice drink are good drinks.

Efficacy function

The basic function

Chrysanthemum is compositae Chrysanthemum (by morifoliumRamat.) the dry flower head, for commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in TCM clinic, our country has 300 years of cultivation history. Herbs according to the origin and the processing method is different, divided into HangJu, chrysanthemum, florists chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum of chuhe, QiJu, huaiqing chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, huang eight big mainstream varieties, with the effect of wind heat, liver, used in the treatment of wind hot cold, headache, dizziness, eye sore, red and white eyes are dim. The medica preparation "records:" chrysanthemum aroma and bitter, sex was made in the peace, has four gas, frost and dew to the essence of the liquid gold, two profit lung kidney "; "Compendium of materia medica gleanings" records: "all the limelight dazzled, clear functions, search of diseases, beneficial blood run capacity". Modern pharmacology study shows that chrysanthemum has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, shu blood vessels, reducing blood fat, anti-tumor, lead, and other pharmacological effects. Chrysanthemum tea can effectively reduce the computer radiation damage to human body, especially the harm of eyes, in a moderate amount of medlar, mulberry leaf, such as mixing bubble drink, is the characteristics of TCM classics remove something bright eye - qi tea, chrysanthemum tea and relaxed embellish.

According to ancient records, taste bitter, slightly cold sex; Have scattered wind heat effect, clear liver and detoxification anti-inflammatory effect. Chrysanthemum tea is one of the ten famous flowers in our country the chrysanthemum, almost everywhere all over the country. Chrysanthemum varieties. Sometimes in add some white chrysanthemum tea, have the effect of seasoning. Origin of dabie mountains, macheng river in hubei province white chrysanthemum, tongxiang city, zhejiang province, hangzhou Bai Juhe huangshan mountain at the foot of huangshan florists chrysanthemum (huizhou) famous. Native of anhui bozhou recommend her chrysanthemum, chuzhou chuhe chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, sichuan nakae of zhejiang deqing's chrysanthemum, henan jiaozuo, jiyuan huai chrysanthemum (one of the four huaiqing Chinese medicines) has high efficacy. Huangshan, in particular, it grows in the mountain fog, adopt the spirit of huangshan, taps the essence of mountains and waters in the south of anhui, it's no polluting for modern people, drinking chrysanthemum tea has higher value. Dry, the fire, acerbity, or caused by wind, cold, wet body pain, numbness of chrysanthemum tea disease have certain curative effect. Attending a cold wind hot, headaches, etc. Chrysanthemum tea in efficacy and role of dizziness, headache, tinnitus also have prevention and cure function.

Compendium of materia medica of efficacy and function also have detailed records: chrysanthemum tea sex, small cold, with scattered wind heat, the effect of the liver. The cold-induced febride think, white chrysanthemum tea can "advocate the limelight or sore, to take off, dead skin and muscle, evil rheumatism bi, long served the qi, intellectual man fit hardships and stand hard work live."

Compendium of materia medica: chrysanthemum, wast, people call it can in addition to hot wind, benefit liver Yin, who cover the especially can benefit gold, the water is dirty, filling water so the water system, good gold so flat wood, wood flat is the wind, the fire down is in addition to heat, with the head wind, its purport depth. Chrysanthemum tea

Chrysanthemum tea

The cold-induced febride: master the limelight or tumor, to take off, dead skin and muscle, evil rheumatism bi, long served the qi, intellectual man fit hardships and stand hard work to live.

Modern medical research also confirmed that the effect of chrysanthemum and function, have fall blood pressure, eliminate cancer cells, expansion of coronary artery and bacteriostasis, long-term consumption can increase the body calcium, regulate myocardial function, lower cholesterol, suitable for middle-aged and old people and prevent epidemic conjunctivitis when drinking. For getting popular, with the eye excessive lead to dry eyes also has good curative effect. At the same time, the chrysanthemum tea aroma is rich, refreshing, also has a certain of the effect of relax and relieve headaches. Chrysanthemum can dilate coronary arteries, increase blood flow, reduce blood pressure, for coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, high serum cholesterol have good curative effect.

The effect of different chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum asteraceae perennial herbaceous plants, is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine of traditional Chinese, mainly for medicinal capitulum. According to ancient records, chrysanthemum taste bitter, slightly cold sex; Have scattered wind hot, clear liver and detoxification anti-inflammatory effect. Dry counterpart, the fire, acerbity, or convulsions, cold, wet body pain, numbness of the disease have certain curative effect. Attending a cold wind hot, headaches, etc. For dizziness, headache, tinnitus has prevention effect.

Chrysanthemum has tender and chrysanthemum, some chrysanthemum clear liver bright eye, tender remove poison spread fire, sympathetic, slightly cold, qingrejiedu, the eye strain, headaches, high blood pressure and so on all has certain effect. Modern medical research also confirmed that Daisy have fall blood pressure, eliminate cancer cells, expansion of coronary artery and the effect of bacteriostasis, long-term consumption can increase the body calcium, regulate myocardial function, lower cholesterol, suitable for middle-aged and old people and prevent epidemic conjunctivitis when drinking. For getting popular, with the eye excessive lead to dry eyes also has good curative effect. At the same time, the chrysanthemum tea aroma is rich, refreshing, also has a certain of the effect of relax and relieve headaches. The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine to the attending more red eyes and sore throat pain, tinnitus, the wind hot cold, headache wait for disease, high blood pressure, boil cure poison. If long-term consumption, as well as "the flesh, intellectual man fit, live" effect.

Curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine

Chrysanthemum tea: all the chrysanthemum should chamomile, its taste is not bitter, especially in suzhou and hangzhou area of a white chrysanthemum or feverfew best, each with about 3 grams of tea drinking, 3 times a day; Also can use the chrysanthemum and honeysuckle, licorice with Fried generation of tea drinking, it has effects of liver, heat-clearing and detoxicating. Has significant curative effect in patients with high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis.

Chrysanthemum is often people make tea to drink. From the point of medicinal theory of traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum tea is especially suitable for office worker drink more, because the chrysanthemum is very effective to prevent dry eye. Modern pharmacological analysis shows that the chrysanthemum contains rich vitamin A, is to maintain eye huangshan

huangshan

Important material of eye health. Chrysanthemum tea can let a person mind, the eyes bright, especially for getting popular, with the eye excessive lead to dry eyes has good curative effect, often feel dry eyes of people, especially people often use the computer, it's good to drink more chrysanthemum tea. Shortsighted people often feel dry eyes, often drink chrysanthemum tea can improve eyes uncomfortable, for the treatment of eye fatigue, blurred vision, have very good curative effect.

Drink too much water before going to sleep, wake up the next morning the eye is swollen like panda, folk have a method: using cotton with chrysanthemum tea tea juice, apply around the eyes, will soon be able to eliminate this bloated phenomenon. Usually also can make a cup of chamomile tea to drink, can make the symptoms of eye fatigue fade, if every three to four cups of chrysanthemum tea, also have helped to restore vision.

Adding medlar chrysanthemum tea brewed tea is famous "chrysanthemum qi tea", because of the two is the medicine of traditional Chinese medicine eye, especially suitable for students to drink after all night, homework in eye fatigue.

It is important to note that chrysanthemum cool, cold constitution, at ordinary times is unfavorable to those who are afraid of cold, cold hands and feet often drinkable.

Fold the chrysanthemum tea for young and old

Chrysanthemum elegant, without, like by generations of poets, and led to many well-known verse. But its medical value is rarely known.

Picking chrysanthemum can be made into health care tea, has a high efficacy. [2] the chrysanthemum picked in October each year, after filming for the steam, dried to a moisture content is below 70%, hand twisting petals into pieces, can be set aside. Famous huangshan, living in the mountain fog, adopt the spirit of huangshan, taps the essence of mountains and waters in the south of anhui, it's no polluting for modern people to have a higher value.

"Chinese pharmacopoeia" : chrysanthemum

Medicine name 】 【 chrysanthemum

"Pinyin" Ju Hu ā

[English] FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI

"Alias" delicately fragranced chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum morifolium, chamomile, medicine, white tea, chrysanthemum tea, chrysanthemum, chuhe chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, HangJu, florists chrysanthemum

【 origin 】 this product is a compositae Chrysanthemum by morifolium smouldered. Dry flower head. 9 ~ 11 month flowers bloom when partial recovery, air-dried or baked, dried or smoked, steaming. Herbs according to the origin and the processing method is different, divided into "recommend her chrysanthemum", "chuhe chrysanthemum", "florists chrysanthemum", "HangJu".

【 description 】 recommend her chrysanthemum: inverted conical or cylindrical, fan, sometimes slightly flattened 1.5 ~ 3 cm in diameter, discrete. Involucre disk; Bracts 3 ~ 4 layers, ovate or elliptic, grass, green and yellow green or brown, outside pilose, margin membranous. Receptacle hemispherical, no riding or MAO. Lingulate flowers several layers, female, is located in the periphery, class white, strong, straight up, longitudinal shrinkage, scattered yellow glandular dots; Tubiform floret, bisexual, located in the central, hidden by ligulate flowers, yellow, the top 5 tooth crack. Achene not development, no hair. The body is light, soft, when crunchy. Delicate fragrance, sweet, bitter taste.

Chuhe chrysanthemum: irregular spherical or flat globose, 1.5 2.5 cm in diameter. Lingulate flowers white, irregular distortion, volume, edge shrinkage, sometimes visible light brown glandular dots; Tubiform floret are mostly hidden.

Florists chrysanthemum: a flat spherical or irregular spherical, 1.5 2.5 cm in diameter. Lingulate flowers white or kind of white, ramp, upper reflex, margin slightly while the internal volume shrinkage, usually without glandular dots; Little tubiform floret, exposed.

HangJu: a dish or oblate, 2.5 ~ 4 cm in diameter, constant connected to a piece. Lingulate flowers white or yellow, flat or slightly fold, touching each other, and usually without glandular dots; Most tubiform floret, the leakage.

[identify] take this product 1 g, cut up, add petroleum ether 20 ml, ultrasonic processing, 10 minutes left to petroleum ether, and liquid to dry, add 1 ml of 50 ml of acetic acid and dilute hydrochloric acid, ultrasonic processing 30 minutes, filtration, the filtrate zhenggan residue with methanol 2 ml to dissolve, as the test solution. The chlorogenic acid reference substance, adding ethanol made from each 1 ml solution containing 0.5 mg, as a reference substance solution. According to thin layer chromatography (appendix Ⅵ B) test, drain the solution in both of 0.5 ~ 1 mu l, each point in the same polyamide membrane, toluene, ethyl acetate - formic acid, glacial acetic acid and water (2:30:2:2:4) of the upper solution for expansion agent, and taken out, dried, can be examined under a uv lamp (365 nm). In the chromatogram of the test, with the reference substance chromatography corresponding position, the same color spots.

Sweet, bitter, sexual flavour 】 【 small cold.

"To the" belongs to the lung, liver.

Hash function attending 】 【 wind heat, liver. For the wind hot cold, headache and dizziness, red eyes and sore eyes are dim.

【 usage and dosage 】 5 ~ 9 g.

【 note 】 (1) the chrysanthemum thin weak wind, clear heat, is used to match a mulberry leaf touched with exogenous wind hot often, also can match radix scutellariae, mountain Zhi hotness irritation, etc. Chrysanthemum treat eye red swelling, whether belonging to something or wind hot, all can be used, because this product can clear something, and can come loose hot wind, usually with cooperate with briers periostracum cicadae, white. Such as liver Yin deficiency, the eyes are dim, the more used to identify radix rehmanniae and qizi. Chrysanthemum qingrejiedu, work well, for surgical medicine, mainly used for poison ulcers, inflamed hot pain of the disease, especially for boils, swelling poison has good curative effect, can take orally, can mash apply again. Clinically often associated with bunge corydalis herb, dandelion qingrejiedu, such as the application of product. Chrysanthemum can lower liver Yang, for liver Yang syndrone caused dizziness, often with the mother of pearl, compatibility of kudzu vine and other applications.

(2) the chrysanthemum is a medicine, the main points and white chrysanthemum, huang ju, tender. Yellow, white chrysanthemum, have evacuated wind heat, liver, heat-clearing and detoxifying effect. Slightly weak among gan, clear heat, to the liver; Often bitter taste, leakage of heat strong, often used for evacuation wind hot; Wild chrysanthemum flower smell very bitter, qingrejiedu strength is very strong. Tender stem and leaf, its function is similar with flowers, regardless of the internal and external treatment, efficacy. Mulberry leaf and chrysanthemum, all can evacuation hot wind, clear drain lung and liver, so the heat in exogenous wind headache, fever and swelling, such as red, often need to use the two drugs. But mulberry leaves breeze of clearing lung to effect is better, so the phlegm-heat type. Cough, often with mulberry leaves without the chrysanthemum; Chrysanthemum is long to the liver Yang, and can be heat-clearing and detoxifying.

【 from 】 "Chinese pharmacopoeia"

The Chinese medicine dictionary: chrysanthemum

Medicine name 】 【 chrysanthemum

"Pinyin" Ju Hu ā

"Alias" section of China (" the classics "), fine gold (" golden jade letter party "), chamomile, chrysanthemum (" tree "), Jin Rui (" of materia medica "), home chrysanthemum (qunfang spectrum), steamed bread, head hairpin chrysanthemum (medical code to Lin), sweet chrysanthemum (along with interest in eating spectrum), medicine chrysanthemum (" hebei medicinal materials ").

【 origin 】 this sutra"

【 origin 】 for compositae chrysanthemum flower head. Frost when flowers are in full bloom before harvesting, the processing method for the types and different origin of medicinal materials. White chrysanthemum: cut flowers, the bales into small, upside down in order. Then gather the inflorescence. Chuhe chrysanthemum: gather the inflorescence. The sulfur smoked, dried to sixty percent when, with a sieve, globular, dry. Florists chrysanthemum: gather the inflorescence, drying. Huang HangJu: hangzhou white chrysanthemum, hangzhou, hangzhou white chrysanthemum gather the inflorescence, steamed after drying; Hangzhou Huang Juze use charcoal fire drying.

【 】 the original form perennial herbs, 50-140 cm tall, densely covered all white fluff. Stem base slightly lignification, slightly purple, branches slightly has the edge. Leaves alternate, ovate or lanceolate, oval 3.5 ~ 5 cm long, 3 ~ 4 cm wide, apex obtuse, base nearly cordate or broadly cuneate, margin usually pinnate deep cleft, lobes coarsely serrate or heavy blade, densely covered with white hairs on both sides; Petiole has shallow slot. Capitulum generate altar, 2.5 ~ 5 cm in diam.; Involucre hemispherical, bracts 3 ~ 4 layers, green, hairs, margin membranous, transparent, light brown, outer bracts smaller, ovate or lanceolate, oval tier 2 bracts broadly ovate, inner bract long oval; Receptacle small, protruding, hemispherical; Lingulate flowers females, located at the edge of the tongue linear oblong, to 3 cm long, apex obtuse, white, yellow, pink, or mauve, no stamen and pistil 1, style short, stigma 2 crack; Tubiform floret bisexual, located in the central, yellow, 1 egg shape with membranous scales on each flower, corolla tube ca. 4 mm, apex 5-lobed, lobes triangular ovate, stamens 5, medicine, filaments very short, separation, pistil 1, ovary inferior, oblong, style linear, stigma 2 crack. Achenes oblong, with four edges, apex flat, smooth and glabrous. Flowering 9 ~ 11 months. Fruiting 10 ~ 11 months.

Most areas in China have a habitat division 】 【 cultivation.

【 description 】 dry capitulum, outer layer lingulate flowers, flat in petal shape, center composed of most tubiform floret polymerization, base with involucre, by 3 ~ 4 layers of bracts. Delicate fragrance and light slightly bitter taste. With flowers in full, bright color, delicate fragrance, no impurity is preferred.

There are differences between the various chrysanthemum commodity, its characters:

(1) white chrysanthemum

Irregular globular or flattened shape, about 2 cm in diameter, more closely. For most of inflorescence white tongue shape, about 18 mm long, 3 mm wide, central for a handful of small light yellow tubiform floret. Advocate here county in anhui, according to recommend her chrysanthemum, best quality. Huaiqing chrysanthemum (henan), otherwise QiJu (hebei), chrysanthemum chuan (sichuan), also belong to the white chrysanthemum category. But quality is time.

(2) the chuhe chrysanthemum

Spherical, form small, tightly. Lingulate flowers white, ca. 15 mm long, 3 mm wide, central tubiform floret yellow. Alternaria alternata chuhe county in anhui, the quality is better.

(3) florists chrysanthemum

Shape of chuhe chrysanthemum petals thin and thick. Lingulate flowers white, 10 ~ 12 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, central a few yellow tubiform floret. Chrysanthemum has been rapidly in anhui, also called hui. Zhejiang deqing also produced in the past, says DE chrysanthemum.

(4) HangJu

Seller hangzhou white chrysanthemum, also known as white tea chrysanthemum (of materia medica shortage make-up). Irregular flattening, large, wide and thin. Lingulate flowers small, white, about 22 mm long, ca. 6 mm wide, central a few dark yellow tubiform floret. Huang denominated in hangzhou, also known as chamomile (" holy benevolence formulae "). Shape similar to hangzhou white chrysanthemum, but lingulate flowers yellow to light brown. From zhejiang.

Flowers and stems contain volatile oil, chemical composition 】 【 with adenine, choline, water Sue alkali, etc. Chrysanthemum flowers contain glucoside, amino acids, flavonoids and trace vitamin B1. Essential oil is mainly including borneol, camphor, chrysanthemum oil ring, ketone, etc. Flavonoids have mignonette - 7 - glucose glucoside, cosmos glucoside, acacia. Still contain succinic acid dimethyl hydrazine.

[pharmacological action] (1) resistance to pathogens

Chrysanthemum in vitro of gram positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and beta hemolytic streptococcus), one type of mycobacterium tuberculosis has certain inhibitory effect. Its water infusion (1:4) for some common pathogenic fungi also some inhibitory effect on skin. High concentrations in vitro and antiviral (PB8 strains) and helix resistant.

(2) strengthen capillary resistance

Chrysanthemum extract, rat abdominal cavity injection, can make the local of intradermal injection of histamine is the proliferation of trypan blue small, display can restrain the capillary permeability and anti-inflammatory effects. The extracts from 10 mg is 2.5 mg of rutin.

[up] chrysanthemum: pick a net leaf stalks, flower stalk and mud dust impurities. Pick net chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum carbon: take the pot and stir-fry until coke brown yellow, but must save, spraying water, take out to dry.

To seek sexual flavour 】 【, cool.

(1) "the classics", "taste bitter, flat."

(2) "don't record" : "gan, non-toxic.

(3) "tianbao unilaterally figure", "white chrysanthemum: taste, non-toxic, ping."

(4) "with interest in eating spectrum" : "sweet, cool."

"To the" into the lung, liver meridian.

"Concocted tripterygium wilfordii medicinal solution" : "into the lung, spleen, liver and kidney four classics."

Hydrophobic functional attending 】 【 wind, clear heat, bright eye, detoxification. Headache, dizziness, red eyes, breadth of mind irritated heat, boils, swollen poison.

(1) "the classics", "advocate the limelight being dizzy, sore throat, to take off, the tears out, muscle skin's death, the evil rheumatism bi, the flesh."

(2) "don't record" : "cure lumbago to some ceramic, in addition to the chests are vexed hot, intestines and stomach, five veins, adjustable limbs."

(3) tao hongjing... : "white chrysanthemum: the main computer."

(4) "medicinal theory" : "can it cure thermal head wind down, bone pain, the wind is it dissipate to me."

(5) the solar corona material medica son: "blood, limbs swim wind, upset, XiongGe indicates frowsty, and carbuncle poison, headaches; as pillow bright eye."

6 "pearl capsule" : "raise blood."

7 "drug loading" : "to" film and improving eyesight."

Today good old wang: "the main diseases with insufficient."

Pet-name ruby "of materia medica shortage make-up" : "designed into Yang points. All the limelight dazzled, hangover cure poison malignant swollen." "Yellow chrysanthemum tea: bright eye functions, search of diseases, dizzy, beneficial blood capacity, into the bloodstream; white tea chrysanthemum: lung qi, cough inverse, clear the sanjiao (triple energizer) is depressive fire, heat cure muscle, into the air."

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: decoct soup, 1.5 ~ 3 money; Make tea or the pill, powder.

【 note 】 (1) the huang notes: "art, Chinese wolfberry root, white mulberry root root to make."

(2) "Ben hui said:" qi deficiency stomach cold, eat less diarrhea disease, should be few."

【 compound 】 (1) wind hot headache cure: chrysanthemum, gypsum, rhizoma ligustici wallichii each three money. For the late. Take one and a half money, each tea under. (" the simple unilateral ")

(2) the cure too evil wind temperature, but cough, body is not very hot, the thirsty: almond two money, forsythia a money five points, mint, eight mulberry leaves two money five points, chrysanthemum is a money, bitter characteristics of two money, licorice, eight WeiGen two money. Two cups of water, take a cup of boiled, day three suits. (the article warm disease cause sang ju Yin)

(3) for being dizzy: delicately fragranced suddenly and violently dry. As at the end of the feeder with rice, wine and steam. (Xu Sibo chrysanthemum wine)

(4) to treat toxic heat attack on the wind, red eyes head spin, no face is swollen, chrysanthemum son (baked), exhaust (baked), liquorice (gun) one or two. Na, dao luo for bulk. Three money Bi night when lying under the warm tone. (" st. Xavier always record the chrysanthemum powder)

(5) eyes are dim and the cure disease: sichuan pepper (Fried to eyes and mouths, sweating, take one and a half jins of dao luo) at the end of the 1 catty, delicately fragranced (late) a kilo. On second and evenly, apply fertilizer rehmannia 15 kg, cut, doing research, wring juice, eight, nine, mix before medicine at the end of the dip, to divide evenly, violence is a bit dry, into the pan, out suddenly and violently take three or four days, wait, that is, not to dry, the refined honey 2 jins, with dao thousands of pestle, pill as wutong child. Take three pills, each hollow day afternoon, under the hot water. (" st. Xavier always record the luminous pill)

6 to treat liver and kidney deficiency, deficiency fire on inflammation, red eyes and sore long dark, the wind tears, and the fear of photophobia, dizziness, night sweats, hot flashes foot soft: medlar, delicately fragranced, rehmannia glutinosa, cornus, huaiqing yam, white poria cocos, cortex moutan, rhizoma alismatis. Refined honey for the pill. (the medical level qi chrysanthemum rehmannia pill)

All landowners treat liver and kidney deficiency, and his eyes were dim: delicately fragranced four two, ba ji (heart) one or two, desert cistanche (wine soaked, peeling, fry, cutting, roasting) two, three two medlar. For the end of the fine, refined honey pill, such as wutong child. Take pills for 30 to 50 each, he drank or salt soup, hollow eat before serving. (the pharmacopoeia chrysanthemum eyes pill)

End treatment epigenetic ": chrysanthemum morifolium, cicada uniform. For the bulk. Each with two, three, money into a little honey, water decoction. (" emergency party ")

Pet-name ruby to treat malignant: four two white chrysanthemum, liquorice four money. Water decoction, clothing, slag decoction. The surgical ten act (chrysanthemum licorice soup)

Attending to treat knee wind: many, chrysanthemum. On the knee, long a. (" helped life of pure party ")

Each paper 】 【 (1) "Ben yan righteousness addendum" : "the chrysanthemum, can fill Yin, you must taste sweet, do not use if the wild bitter, hurts stomach gas."

(2) "of materia medica", "chrysanthemum, wast, people call it can in addition to hot wind, benefit liver Yin. Who cover the especially can benefit gold, the water is dirty, hydrating so fire, good gold so flat wood, wood flat is the wind, the fire down is in addition to heat, with the head wind, its purport deep."

(3) "huang shu", "chrysanthemum autocratic wind wood, so as to wind to medicine. Bitter, can drain can beneficial blood, can be detoxified, flat and sheen, therefore also fights, bitter heart, small intestine, into the spleen, stomach, flat sheen liver, bravery, and into the lung and large intestine. Its main limelight dizzy, sore, to take off, tear out, dead skin and muscle, evil wind, wet bi, the wind off the computer, are liver, wood wind medicine first into the liver, liver begin to understand in the eye, the wind for Yang, is bound to, blood deficiency, hot, hot, the wind, the wind fire fight also. Low back pain to some ceramic, is the symptom of blood deficiency and qi stagnation, bitter in sluggish, with beneficial blood, XinPing to spread heat also. Their chests are annoying fever, heart blood, deficiency disease vexed, Yin deficiency heat inside the closed, so the heat in the chest, blood yi Yin is born, born Yin is vexed, cosin can drain hot, so hot and solution. Ann intestines and stomach, the five veins, limbs, the blood gas, namely except hot, wind, beneficial blood, into the heart and the spleen, the liver also. Pounding the cure furuncle, malignant blood line is especially to medicine, malignant wind fire poison also."

(4) the pharmaceutical chemical righteousness ", "chamomile, in white, the body is light, taste bitter, aerosols, peace, until the end of the qing dynasty." the "yue, cure temperature in qing dynasty. Every disease thermal annealing, the air is warm, with mulberry to headache, in addition to evil. With astragalus membranaceus cure eye out, to" disabled. Help straight ladybell cure intestinal red, check blood. Under the collar caulis dendrobii, lentils, clear the hearing ear, adjustable limbs. Qi deficiency in lung, must use Bai Gan chrysanthemum. Such as yellow, its bitter taste, fresh air, the clear lung fire. All dizzy head wind. Stuffy nose indicates heat, skin wet bi, limbs wind, shoulder pain, all go lung hot gas, qing shun lung, and clear liver no system of gold. And riot red eye is swollen, pain and tears out. Must be used in clearing lung heat chamomile."

(5) the: "new materia medica" delicately fragranced, light smell, work is very slow, also will be appropriate for a long time take effect in the beginning, not at work, but a flash of pain, success very quick, more than all to slow to take effect. Also touch a variety of chrysanthemum, and between the party of nourishing useful. Then make tea tea, that bright eye also. Chamomile is not clear, however, can be helpful, all in the back of yangming stomach fire. GaiYang clear internal heat, will be appropriate Yin cold medicine to have diarrhoea, such as gypsum, rhizoma anemarrhenae, natural gypsum too strict, too cold to damage of stomach qi, if not with delicately fragranced to one, two, with yuan, ginseng, radix ophiopogonis agent can fire in the stomach, but also does not hurt the stomach qi."

6 "huang one hundred species of recorded" : "all those things, aromatic can cure the disease of leader muscle table. But all fragrant sheen dry, not very dry, but chrysanthemum head wind disease of fire, for YouYi."

7 "compendium will read" : "chamomile, but in a word, yue breeze. Though the product of the breeze, and sexual flavour gan cold, unlike qiang, ma xin, such as dry, so the kidney can use phase needs and also in the thistle."

⑧《本草正义》："凡花皆主宣扬疏泄，独菊花则摄纳下降，能平肝火，熄内风，抑木气之横逆。《本经》主风头眩者，以阴虚阳浮，气火升腾，肝风上扰之眩晕言之，非外来风邪，能令人眩也。肿痛，连上风头眩三字读。肝火直上顶巅，而为眩，为肿，为痛，阳焰直升，其势最暴。凡是头风作痛，无非内火内风震撼不息，而菊花能治之，非肃降静镇迥异寻常者，殆难有此力量。目如欲脱，乃肝阳内风之尤甚者。世谓头风痛甚，至于丧明，抑知且有目珠突出，形如雀卵者。泪出亦阴虚于下，肝火上扬，真阴无摄纳之权，而风阳以疏泄为用，则迎风而泪下，此皆肝肾阴亏，而浮阳上亢为虐，惟菊花之清苦泄降，能收摄虚阳而纳归于下，故为目科要药。又治皮肤死肌，恶风湿痹者，则血热而络脉不洁，渐以积秽成腐。菊花苦辛宣络，能理血中热毒，则污浊去而痹着之死肌可愈。石顽渭清利血脉，而痹着湿邪，得以开泄，持论甚正。惟此是冲和纯粹之品，以清经隧积淤之浊血，断非旦夕可以速效，弗以无近功，而遽疑《经》言之不可信也。《别录》谓治腰痛去来陶陶，盖言其悠久不已之状，是亦肾阴不足，而湿邪痹着为患，故其痛续续不息。菊花滋肾阴而清湿热，是以主之。又治胸中烦热而安肠胃，固无一非清肃泄热之功用也。甄权谓治头目风旋倒地，脑骨疼痛，则肝阳内风头痛，固有直上顶巅，脑骨如裂者，若风旋倒地，则血冲脑经，而失其知觉运动矣。又谓治身上一切游风，令消散，利血脉，则是血热生风之症，苦泄清理，而风自息。大明谓作枕明目，叶亦明目。洁古谓养目血，去翳膜。海藏谓主肝气不足。盖亦养肝阴，滋肝血之意。虽其气味清芬，然终非肝家气药。仲醇谓生捣最治疔疮，血线疔尤为要药。按疔是火毒，非大剂清解不可，外敷诸药如忍冬藤、马齿苋、蒲公英、草河车、芙蓉叶、青菊叶等，不过清热退肿，皆非专主之任，缪所称之血线疔，盖即红丝疔，有一痕红晕，自疮口上窜，直过肘膝者。治皆以内服清解为主。但知外治，断不可恃。"

【 clinical application 】 (1) treatment of coronary heart disease

With chrysanthemum decoction observation of 61 cases of angina pectoris symptoms of the total effective rate was 80%, among them 43.3% were markedly improved, improved by 36.7%, with mild curative effect is better; On the chest tightness, palpitation, short of breath and the symptom such as dizziness, headache, limb numbness, also have different degrees of curative effect; Electrocardiogram (ecg) of the total effective rate was 45.9%, of which 18.8% were markedly improved, improved 27.1%. Antihypertensive effect for some patients with high blood pressure; Had no obvious effect on heart rate; Of serum cholesteryl, three glyceride saw no obvious regular change. Drugs except 1 case with abdominal pain, 1 case with mild diarrhea, no other side effects. Even if the original ulcer disease patients, also had no effect. Preparation and usage: 10 two white chrysanthemum, warm water soak overnight, the next day, Fried 2 times, each time and a half hours; After precipitation to remove sediment and concentration to 500 ml. 25 ml each time, 2 times a day. 2 months for a course of treatment.

(2) the treatment of hypertension

Every 0.8 ~ 1 two daily use chrysanthemum and honeysuckle, dizziness and mulberry leaves all money obviously, hardening of the arteries and higher serum cholesteryl hawthorn 4 ~ 8), blending, alors, pauvre con, va, four points with boiling water when tea brewing 10 ~ 15 minutes. Generally after brewing 2 times, liquid can be rejected in the other. Do not, otherwise you will destroy the active ingredients. Medicine according to the observed 46 cases, 3 ~ 7 days after symptoms such as headache, dizziness, insomnia, began to ease, then gradually reduced to normal blood pressure, a total of 35 cases, the remaining cases medication after 10 ~ 30 days, self-conscious symptom have different degrees of improvement.

[from] the Chinese medicine dictionary

"The Chinese material medica: chrysanthemum

Medicine name 】 【 chrysanthemum

"Pinyin" Ju Hu ā

[English] by

"Alias" section, China, Japan, the female section, female, female stem, themselves, weeks surplus, Fu Yannian, Yin into, chamomile, chrysanthemum, golden chrysanthemum extract, Jin Rui, steamed bread, hairpin chrysanthemum, sweet chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum

【 origin 】 from the cold-induced febride.

1. "don't record" : chrysanthemum, harmony in sichuan loading fields. March on the root, leaf, stem, may flowers in September, November mining firm, all in order.

2. Tao hongjing... : chrysanthemum has two kinds: one kind of stem purple, air fragrance and taste sweet, leaves can make soup predator is true; A green stems and large, for artemisia, bitter taste and predators, a hard job, not really. Its flower is similar to sweet, bitter, don't. Nanyang Li county, most today faster route everywhere, get a kind of have to. And a white chrysanthemum, stem leaf were similar, only white, may take, also the main phoenix dizzy, can make the head white.

3. "Ben figure

【 origin 】 medicinal material base source: for area plants chrysanthemum flower head.

Latin animal plant mineral name: Dendranthema morifolium (smouldered.) Tzvel. [by morifolium smouldered.]

Harvesting and storage: blossom in early November, the petals flat, from yellow to white and heart slightly yellow, choose clear dew or afternoon partial recovery after being dried, then pick flowers less moisture, easy drying, good color, good quality. Pluck flowers, avoid by all means is stacked, should be timely dry or thin stand in ventilated place. Around the processing method for the varieties of medicinal materials and different production; Air-dried, applicable to small area of production, to spend most of the open, choose a sunny day, cut flowers, the bales into small, county ventilated place, the 30-40 d, stay dry flower, after take off, slightly drying; Dried, fresh chrysanthemum thin will spread in the steamer, the thickness of no more than 3 flower, after boiling water, the steamer pan steaming 3-4 min, down to the sun with the dried, don't turn; Drying, spread in chrysanthemum of fresh baked on the screen, the thickness of no more than 3 cm, with 60 ℃ dry kang.

【 】 the original form of chrysanthemum Perennial herb to 60-150 cm tall. Stems erect, branched or not branched, pilose. Leaves alternate; There are small; Leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 5-15 cm long, torn or pinnate shallow crack, base cuneate, white pubescent below. Capitulum 2.5-20 cm in diameter, size is differ, single or several set in the top of the stem branches; Total bracts layers, the outer green, bar, margin membranous, outside pilose; Lingulate flowers white, red, purple or yellow. Achene not development. Flowering 9-11.

[habitat division] is cultivated, cultivation of varieties, more than capitulum bending, form of a different color. Across the country are cultivated. Chrysanthemum in henan, anhui, zhejiang, cultivated the most.

"Culture" biological characteristics Xi warm humid climate, sunny, avoid is shade. Hardy, a drought tolerant, be afraid of waterlogged, hei fat. The optimum growth temperature 20 ℃ or so, can grow under 0 to 10 ℃, and flowering ability - 4 ℃, the root can be - 16 to 17 ℃ low temperature resistance. The soil is relaxed. With geothermal high and dry, lee xiangyang, loose fertile and rich in humus, good drainage and pH6-8 sandy loam and loam cultivation is advisable. Avoid continuous cropping. With early corn, mulberry, beans, tobacco, rapeseed, garlic, wheat intercropping. Heavy soil, low-lying water should not be planted.

Cultivation techniques Medicinal chrysanthemum mainly use cutting, points strains breeding. Cutting propagation, seedling transplanting method: in late April and early may intercept its branches as cuttings, increases with the increasing shear plugging, 10-12 cm long, cutting the top 2 leaf, removal of the lower section 2-3 blades, insert 5 cm in the soil, the top 3 cm, 24 cm furrowing, according to the row spacing groove depth 14 cm, every 15-20 cm, cuttings, 1 strain turns the soil compaction, watering. Cuttings to shade, after regular watering moisturizing, weeding, dirt every half a rare human excrement once, about the 15 to 20 d to take root, to transplant after growth. Red can use cuttage twice, delayed dilute plant to in late may and early June. Analysis and breeding: November to choose good plant, cut out after receiving flowers stems, ridging winter. In late April, early may, long stay planted to 15 cm tall, choose to cloudy, mining plant, will be robust with shirane seedlings, appropriate scrambled to branches and leaves, according to the row planting distance 40 cm x 40 cm open holes, each hole, 1-2 strains, Fried to the top of the filled soil compaction, watering.

Field management During growing row weeding 3-4 times, once every half moon, after twice ridging row weeding. Miao multi-topping 30-40 cm high, second, at the end of June is not as late as July for the third time. Chrysanthemum hei fat, but should control the nitrogen, moderate growth, lest by diseases and pests for home. Generally in seedling survival after rare human excrement or urea, began to branch the human and animal dung and rotten cake fertilizer, September concentrated manure, adding calcium superphosphate, hai fertilizers should be centered in the medium term. The growth less water, the water is dry, nine months pregnant stage drought control attention. The rainy season to eliminate seeper, roots rotted in case.

Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests Leaf blight disease, the whole growth period all can happen, the onset of solid phase of the diseased leaves, using 1:1:10 0 65% bordeaux mixture or wettability zineb 500 times liquid spray. Root rot, in late June and early August, available bacteria, 50% wettable powder 500 times liquid infusion. Rust available against rust sodium 97% wettable powder 200 times liquid jet. Otherwise, downy mildew, powdery mildew, cyanosis, etc. Insect pests of cotton aphid, the leaf jump, chrysanthemum longicorn, gall Huang, the moth, cutworms, etc.

【 description 】 identification (1) nano chrysanthemum Capitulum inverted conical or cylindrical, sometimes slightly flattened into room shape, 1.5 3 cm in diameter. Involucre disk, total bracts 3-4 layer, ovate elliptic, grass, green and yellow green or brown, outside pilose, margin membranous, receptacle hemispherical, no riding or MAO. Lingulate flowers several layers, female, is located in the periphery, class set color, strength, straight up, longitudinal shrinkage, scattered yellow glandular dots; Tubiform floret, bisexual, located in the central, for the limit of the lingulate flowers, yellow, apex 5 tooth crack. Achene not development, no hair. The body is light, soft, when crunchy. Delicate fragrance, sweet, bitter taste.

(2) the chuhe chrysanthemum irregular spherical or flat globose, 1.5 2.5 cm in diameter. Lingulate flowers white, irregular distortion, volume, edge shrinkage, sometimes visible light brown glandular dots; Tubiform floret are mostly hidden.

(3) the florists chrysanthemum Flat spherical or irregular spherical, 1.5 2.5 cm in diameter. Lingulate flowers white or kind of white, ramp, ministry reflex, margin slightly while the internal volume shrinkage, usually without glandular dots; Little tubiform floret, exposed.

(4) HangJu dish or flat globose, 2.5 4 cm in diameter, constant connected to a piece. Ligule medicine white yellow, flat or slightly fold, touching each other, usually without glandular dots; Most tubiform floret, the leakage.

With flowers can't complete disc, color white (yellow), rich smell, no impurity is preferred.

Microscopic identification Powder characteristics: yellow brown, delicate fragrance. (1) the pollen grain yellow, circular, 22-38 microns in diameter, three hole groove, the surface, 3.4 7 microns long, every lobes 4-5 sting. (2) corolla epidermal cells wavy anticlinal walls with curved surface, the surface has a fine cutin grain density. (3) bracts epidermal cells wavy anticlinal walls bending, surface is slightly thick cutin texture. Stomatal infinitive, accessory cell 3-6. (4) the edges of the style and stigma fragments in villous processes. (5) T MAO rare, mostly broken broken, apical cell grew up, the base of 2-5 cells. 6 glandular hairs. Sole head shape, 4, 6, or 8 cells, two relative arrangement, size 32-127 microns long, the short diameter of 22-74 microns, the cuticle. In addition, there are connectivum apical appendages and basal cells, and the inner wall of the pollen sac, secretion, such as fiber, ovary epithelial cells.