Side of traditional Chinese medicine (100) qingrejiedu chicory

Endive for asteraceae perennial herbaceous plants. Roots fleshy, short. Stems erect, leng, hollow, many-branched. Leaves alternate, long oblanceolate, capitulum, corolla tongue shape, design and color is blue. Cold and drought tolerant, the plant is xi, born in sunny tanabe, slopes, etc. Both at home and abroad. Endive for medicine and food plants, chicory leaf lettuce can be modulation, sichuan in China (chengdu) and the guangdong cultivation etc. It contains the root of inulin and aromatic substances, can substitute coffee extract, promote the digestive organs. The ground part of the plant and root for medicinal, traditional Chinese medicine of chicory, chicory root, respectively, with qingrejiedu, diuresis detumescence, jianwei effect and so on. In addition, chicory can also become roughage or grass.

Morphological characteristics

Perennial herbs, 40-100 cm tall. Stems erect, solitary, branch to carry out or carry out, all stem branches green, there is a ridge, was extremely sparse long and curved rigid hairs or bristles or glabrous. Basal leaf rosette, flowering, wrap around needle long elliptic, including base narrow petiole, total length of 15 to 34 cm, 2-4 cm wide, base gradually narrow winged handle, big head shape to deeply cleft pinnate or pinnate deep crack or split the edge

Have sparse pointed blade, lateral lobes 3 -- 6 or more, top side lobe larger, lateral lobes down gradually small, lateral lobes cure all or irregular cure or triangle. Cauline leaves few, small, oval oblanceolate to lanceolate, sessile, base rounded or halberd expand half clasping. All leaf texture thin, two sides be sparse multicellular long hair, but the veins and the edge of the hair. Most capitulum, solitary or several sets on apex of stem or branch end, or 2-8 into a set of along the cuttlefish arranged in spike. Involucre cylindrical, 8-12 mm long; Total bracts 2 layer, outer lanceolate, 8 and 13 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, green on the upper, grass, margin with long hair, have extremely sparse head shape on the back of handle or single hair long glandular hairs, lower yellowish white, hard, leathery; Total inner bracts linear lanceolate, to 1.2 cm long, ca. 2 mm wide, lower part is a bit hard, upper edge and usually have a very thin head shape with a handle on the back of the gland mixed with the area around long hair. Ligule floret blue, about 14 mm long, brown spots. Achene ovoid, elliptical or cuneate, outer achene flattening, close to the inner bracts, 3-5 leng, the top section shape, narrowed down, brown, dark brown spots. The very short pappus 2-3 layers, membrane flake, 0.2 0.3 mm long. And 5-10 months.

Distribution range

Born in coastal land, the river, the gutter or slope.

The geographical distribution of

Distribution (RaoHe) in Beijing (the baihua), heilongjiang province, liaoning (dalian), shanxi (travels), shaanxi (xi 'an, this week to), xinjiang (altay, habahe, airdropping, tuscaloosa, torrey, he, bo le, shawan, manas, urumqi, m fountain, yining, henchard was made in the cloth), jiangxi (suichuan). Widespread in Europe, Asia, north Africa.

The end of the 19th century to the United States, in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, widely cultivated, cultivated in North America. In the eastern United States and Canada, become a weed, thrive in the pasture and the side of the road.

Liaoning xiuyan manchu populated areas in China according to research from the presence of wild chicory thousands of years ago. In some of the local people full of xiuyan, liaoning province, the local wild chicory is called "masters".

Breed type

Performance in Beijing area cultivation adaptability good leaf with knot ball chicory mainly has two types, one is used to contribute to the cultivation of "softening chicory", the other is a naturally formed round ball chicory.

1, used to soften (to) cultivated varieties

For softening planting varieties, taproot) sex of the fleshy tap root growth cone, all root growth in soil, the skin pale, smooth, usually tap root on both sides of the two columns fibrous root, root root generated after damaged easily bifurcate disambiguation. Aboveground clumps on the shortening stem blades, oblanceolate, apex acuminate, margin dentate deep incision say "Mosaic", the entire said "plate". Long ivory varieties of chicory root sprouts, aboveground leaf color is green to dark green, some species base hinges back, veins with purple halo, adaxially with sparse hairs. Long red chicory root sprouts varieties, aboveground leaf brown purple purple. Foliage in degrees into inclined erect growth rarely, or flat growth, not forming round, only use the fleshy tap root for forcing culture, gemmule harvested. Gemmule part, red violet and purple edge gemmule varieties, etc.

(1) part that varieties

[families and vladimir radmanovic] : generation hybrid varieties introduced from Holland. Soften gemmule very tidy, compact, single gemmule weighs 150 grams, the spindle. The varieties of hibernation is shorter, and premature hydroponic softening are available, and excellent quality.

: mei cherie, 】 【 varieties introduced from Holland. After softening chicory gemmule very tidy, compact, used for moderate and mature plant water softening. Before softening cultivation needs were treated with low temperature storage.

【 trey Ralph 】 : the Netherlands imported varieties. Tap root should be refrigerated meat after softening cultivation. Gemmule is compact, high yield, high quality, but not earthed, but not suitable for water softening.

【 moxa cherry nisha 】 : varieties introduced from Britain. Plant growth power is strong, easy cultivation, appropriate is live. Softening gemmule tidy, hypertrophy, bud weight about 100 ~ 150 grams, part.

【 Brazil white chicory 】 : imported from Brazil. Plant root hibernation is not obvious, soften after gemmule is white.

The worm (ZOOM) 】 : is the widespread use of varieties, softening gemmule milk white, approximate elliptic, tight, crisp, taste good, single gemmule weighs 150 ~ 300 grams. Plant root dormant and do not break after the root can be directly to soften cultivation and hydroponics and soil culture, don't have to cover.

【 baihe 】 : Japan varieties. Plant root dormant and do not break after root without refrigeration processing, can be directly to soften the cultivation.

【 soil not chicory 】 : introduction of new varieties, from the United States are chosen by the Brazilian white chicory after artificial grow in the change of natural conditions, yellow color is more close to the serene, plant root hibernation is more noticeable, soften after gemmule ChengLiang white, introduction to the current domestic only experimental strains and no promotion.

(2) red gemmule varieties

【 Germany red chicory 】 : imported from Germany. Fleshy tap root is relatively small, plant growth power is weak, with mulberry leaf green. After forcing culture gemmule type less, nearly elliptic, mesophyll red purple, main leaf and leaf sheath milk white, crispness, compared with the part that breeds its bitter taste is light, clear sweet more thick, taste good, single gemmule weighs 30 ~ 80 grams, gemmule see the light after a nap.

The French red chicory 】 : imported from France and Italy. Smaller gemmule, mesophyll thick, margin slightly wrinkled, margin purple, veins and near the leaf mesophyll milk white, taste sweet, crisp, high quality.

2, knot ball chicory

Such chicory and lettuce is similar, taproot is shorter, root developed, foliage to root out leaves, grow more leaf after inward volume, and gradually formed and round, shorter growth period, the cultivation easy, divide into two broad categories: red and round and round and green

(1) varieties of red ball The ball is red, leaf sheath and the main veins milk white. Grow this type is not too deep, often should irrigation, and temperature difference between day and night in 10 ℃ to ensure the product color is gorgeous, the ball is tight. Current varieties are:

【 】 "medusa" F1: early maturity varieties introduced from Holland hybrid generation, heat resistance, high yield, leaf green, red and round, tight. From planting to harvest 60 to 70 days. Suitable for planting, planting plant row spacing 30 cm x 35 cm.

[Alice osborne] : varieties introduced from Holland hybrid generation, plant large, leaf green, leaf is more, big and round, round, red. Poor heat resistance, suitable for autumn planting. Grow plants 40 cm x 40 centimeters apart.

【 rendered pull 】 : varieties introduced from Holland, precocious type. Outer leaves, less green. Ball is red, small and compact. The varieties of heat resistance is strong, late bolting, suitable for outdoor and the protectorate cultivated, also can use the plastic box or flowerpot planting. Open to close planting, planting plant row spacing of 30 cm * 30 cm.

【 auspicious Julius 】 : red ball varieties introduced from Holland. Heat resistance is stronger, late bolting, yield is higher. That can be cultivated in the summer. Planting plant row spacing 30 * 30 cm.

【 ghost 】 : the variety of imported from the Netherlands. A heat-resistant, late bolting. Plant medium, the ball is round, red, precocious. About 65 days from planting to harvest. Grow plants 30 cm * 30 cm apart.

【 plug salar 】 : the variety of imported from the Netherlands. Late type, strong tolerance to cold. Plant is bigger, more upright, leaf green, round for round ball, red. Planting the plant row spacing of 30 cm * 30 cm. 75 days from planting to harvest.

[French red chicory 】 : red ball is chicory imported from France. Is heat-resistant, late bolting, plant medium, the outside leaf is more, the green, leaf sheath purple, generous. The ball is oblate, purple. About 70 days from planting to harvest.

The German red chicory 】 : imported from west Germany. Late type, strong tolerance to cold. Plant is bigger, leaf green, when the ball is in the summer cultivation is loose, amaranth, leaf sheath milk white. To soften the cultivation, soften the dishes after the ball amaranth, sheath white, smaller.

(2) round green varieties

】 【 LePei: generation hybrid varieties introduced from Holland. More heat, in the early maturity. Ball is cylindrical, pale green, leaf less outside, plant height, about 30 ~ 35 centimeters. Grow plants 30 cm * 30 cm apart.

: skin's 】 【 varieties introduced from Holland hybrid generation, in the late. Ball is cylindrical, dark green, leaf less outside, plant height 35 ~ 40 cm, planting trees spaced 30 cm x 35 cm. From planting to harvest 70 ~ 80 days.

【 scarpetta novels and 】 : the early maturity varieties imported from the Netherlands. Can be used to soften cultivation. Ball is cylindrical, light green, small outer leaf, plant height 30 ~ 35 centimeters. But seed. Grow plants 30 cm * 30 cm apart. About 60 days from planting to harvest. PangQiao. Late varieties introduced from Holland. Plant is upright. Plant height 35 ~ 40 cm. Grow plants 30 cm x 40 centimeters apart. From planting to harvest of about 70 days. Camstar, The Japanese varieties. Plant is upright, plants 35 ~ 40 cm tall. And round spindle, green and yellow. From planting to harvest need about 70 days, unfavorable for softening cultivation.

Related to the type of

And chicory (Cichorium intybus l.) associated with:

Cultivation of chicory (Cichorium endivia l.)

Glandular hairs chicory (Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. Et Huet.)

Medicinal value

Traditional Chinese medicine name

"Types" : chicory

【 nickname 】 : aster "manual of Chinese herbal medicine in xinjiang"

Medicinal material base to the original

For the compositae endive (Cichorium intybus l.) part on the ground.

Note: the "Chinese pharmacopoeia" : for the compositae endive MAO (Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. Et Hout) and chicory (Cichorium intybus l.) part of the earth.

Sexual flavour to the

Bitter taste; Cold sex.

Efficacy of attending

Qingrejiedu; Diuresis detumescence. After the damp heat jaundice; Nephritis edema; The diagnosis pain; Loss of appetite.

Each paper

1. "Chinese herbal medicine in xinjiang" : "clear heat, diuresis, cholagogue function, anti-inflammatory. Attending icteric model hepatitis, acute nephritis, tracheitis."

2. "Chinese medicine", "water qingrejiedu, swelling, jianwei. Used for something to eat less, nephritis edema, pain diagnosis damp and hot, loss of appetite."

Usage.

Internal: decoct soup, 3-9 g. External use: right amount, Fried washed.

Chemical composition

All grass contains horse chestnut skin (escultin), horse chestnut peel glucoside (esculin), wild lettuce glucoside (cichoriin), the mountains of lettuce element (lectucin) and lettuce element (lacturopicrin).

Leaves contain coffee acyl tartaric acid (monocaffeoyltartaric acid), two coffee acyl tartaric acid (dicaffeoyltartaric acid) and chicory acid (chicoric acid).

Pharmacological effects

Wild chicory infusions of flower injection to animals, but excited central nervous system and heart activity (slow amplitude increase and frequency); The decoction has antibacterial, convergence effect. Root can increase appetite, improve digestion function, high concentrations of infusion can improve gastric secretion, but don't make smooth muscle tension. Root for ethanol or diethyl ether extract has antibacterial action, its effective ingredients may be a half terpene. The root and laxation effect. Seeds with non-specific plant blood agglutinin. Others report chicory contains carcinogenic hydrocarbon, its content is higher than other coffee beverages. [1]

Herbs to identify

Properties: chicory MAO all the bristles. Stems and cylindrical, slightly curved, sage green or purple, on the surface of the vertical edges; The section yellowish-white, hollow. Leaves more broken, sage green, stem complete blade is big head feather in central crack. Capitulum 5 ~ 13 into short pattern. Involucre cylinder, the diameter is 5 ~ 6 mm; Bracts 2 layer, outer short or nearly isometric, glandular hairs; Ligule blue flowers. Achenes obovoid, has the edge, the top section shape, be flaky pappus, 1 ~ 2 mm long, brown or tan. Micro, salty, slightly bitter taste.

chicory Stems nearly smooth. Cauline leaves few or degradation, oblong-elliptic lanceolate. Capitulum, tufted; Bracts 2 layer, short length, glabrous.

Medicinal materials processing

To remove impurities, cutting section.

chicory

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"Chinese pharmacopoeia" : chicory

Chicory medicine name 】 【

"Pinyin" Ju Ju

[English] HERBA CICHORII

This source 】 【 strain uighurs conventional medicine. For the compositae endive MAO Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. Et Hout and chicory root Cichorium intybus l. part of the earth. Cutting in autumn, remove impurities, dry.

【 description 】 MAO chicory: all the bristles. Stems and cylindrical, slightly curved, sage green or purple, on the surface of the vertical edges; The section yellowish-white, hollow. Leaves more broken, sage green, stem complete blade is big head feather in central crack. Capitulum 5 ~ 13 into short pattern. Involucre cylinder, the diameter is 5 ~ 6 mm; Bracts 2 layer, outer short or nearly isometric, glandular hairs; Ligule blue flowers. Achenes obovoid, has the edge, the top section shape, be flaky pappus, 1 ~ 2 mm long, brown or tan. Micro, salty, slightly bitter taste.

Chicory: stems nearly smooth. Cauline leaves few or degradation, oblong-elliptic lanceolate. Capitulum, tufted; Bracts 2 layer, short length, glabrous.

[up] to remove impurities, cutting section.

Slightly bitter and salty, sexual flavour 】 【 is cool.

Liver function attending 】 【 cholagogic, jianwei xiaoshi, diuresis detumescence. Less for damp heat jaundice, stomach pain, edema, urine.

Usage and dosage 】 【 9 ~ 18 g.

【 storage 】 a cool and dry place.

【 from 】 "Chinese pharmacopoeia"