Side of traditional Chinese medicine (114) of t2dm detoxifying viper

The viper (Agkistrodonhalys), alias "soil and snake", "grass fly", 7 "father-in-law" soil ", crawling class, the viper family. Is the distribution of all parts of our country have a small snake, the viper's scientific name "Agkistrodon" comes from Greek, "Ancistro" mean "hook", and "odon" represents "teeth", and refers to both the viper, best known for hooked fangs. Besides food, has high medical value. Its provenance accessible, breeding method is not difficult, is a new breeding of the masses to get rich. The country except guangdong, hainan, guangxi, have distribution. Head slightly triangular, short, short tail, the back of a dark brown, side with dark brown round markings. Strong cold resistance. Perched plain, hilly terrain, trees, tanabe and roadside 扥 hair, close to water sources.

The viper is main characteristics between the eyes and nostrils buccal nest. Except a few for egg-laying, most varieties of ovoviviparity.

Scientific classification

Industry: the animal kingdom Animalia

Door: chordate Chordata]] the door door: vertebrate subphylum Vertebrata

Outline: reptiles Reptilia

Item: Squamata Squamata

: suborder Serpentes Serpentes

Ke: viper family Viperidae

Subfamily: Fu subfamily Crotalinae

: the viper genus Agkistrodon

Male snakes viper alias: soil, grass fly, is the distribution of all parts of our country have a small snake, in addition to the food, has high medical value. Is not difficult, it kind of easy, breeding method is a new breeding of the masses to get rich.

The viper

The viper (Agkistrodonhalys) : the country except guangdong, hainan, guangxi, all have distribution. Head slightly triangular, short, short tail, the back of a dark brown, side with dark brown round markings. Strong cold resistance. Perched plain, hilly terrain, wilderness, tanabe, and by the roadside.

Morphological characteristics

The viper length 60 ~ 70 centimeters, head slightly is triangular. There is a dark beige to brown on the back, head back "Sunday afternoon" form spot, grey front to beige, mixed with black patches.

Life habits

Often perch the plains, hills and low mountains or field gulley stones, or bushes, bent into the disk or wavy. Prey on mice, frogs and Zha Yi, birds, insects, etc. Viper's breeding, feeding, activities such as the restriction of the temperature, the below 10 ℃ when the viper hardly prey; Go into the winter below 5 ℃; 20 ℃ to 25 ℃ for feeding height; Drilling hole snake perched above 30 ℃, is generally not prey. At night, frequent activity started out after spring potential in search of food.

Breeding methods

Son snake 2 ~ 3 years of sexual maturity, reproduction can be performed. Viper's breeding way and most snakes, ovoviviparity colonization. The viper embryo development in the female body, gave birth to son snake can live independently. This way of reproductive embryos can be protected by the mother, so high survival rate, good for artificial breeding, to September each year for the breeding season, every 2 ~ 8 female can breed snakes. Primary seed snake 14 ~ 19 cm long, 21 ~ 32 grams of weight. Newborn son snake was peeling 1 ~ 2 times, go into the winter.

The development and utilization of

Use the viper as raw material to produce some of the valuable medicine can cure many difficult diseases. The viper toxin is the production of highly antithrombotic drugs raw material; Dried snake with functions, composed, detoxification, strong and breasts, etc.

So develop the viper's artificial breeding has high economic value. The viper pure poison dry powder is yellow gold 20 times in the international market, in the domestic price of more than 1000 yuan per gram.

Plant a classification

The viper is the most widely distributed in China, the largest number of a serpent, its plant a classification problem, quite a lot dispute. The debate over 60 years old, mainly according to the lack of enough to convince the other party. To this end, we are all over the country 560 specimens of moth snake and Maki (193) analyzed the collected data. According to the number of scales, head shape, spots and regional distribution, determine the town of snake can be divided into three subspecies, namely mediation subspecies, short tail subspecies and Japan subspecies.

Pointed to kiss Fu

(Agkistrodonacutus) : also known as long noded pit viper, this snake, become warped nose, etc. Snout and triangulating the position of the head up, cock body back beige, the cloth has a gray diamond spot, white, the front have more obvious black spot, circle length can reach 1. 5 meters. Located in anhui, zhejiang, jiangxi, fujian, Taiwan, hubei, hunan, guangdong, guangxi. Life in 100-1300 meters above sea level mountain area, hilly terrain.

Mediation Fu

East are mainly distributed in the north of qinling area, Inner Mongolia, west to xinjiang, on the animal geographical regionalization, belong to palaearctic was the new city and west of the northern loess plateau. Short tail Fu are mainly distributed in the south of qinling mountains, near the north latitude in the southern limit of about 26 °, belong to the Oriental part of the central region and the southwest. But in shanxi, hebei, shandong and the northeast three provinces are the same domain area of these two subspecies. Smith (1943), the southern limit of the viper distribution extends to the beibu gulf on an island, this is a serious mistake, he said the small island called small longshan Syoryuzan, in fact, the snake island, on the southern tip of liaodong peninsula to the west, not the leizhou peninsula to the west.

The viper subfamily bamboo

bamboo

(Trimeresuresstejnegeri) commonly known as the green bamboo snake, DiaoZhuQing, bamboo. Is triangular head, neck, eye red, body back a grass green, since the neck to form a white bar on left, or for the red and white line or for the yellow line, focal yellow tail, 60-90 cm tall. Widely distributed in anhui, zhejiang, jiangxi, fujian, Taiwan, henan, hubei, hunan, guangdong, hainan, guangxi, gansu, sichuan, guizhou, yunnan. Living trees or bamboo in mountainous areas, often perched Yu Xijian edge shrub vegetation or mountains paddy field ridge, or ruderal woodpile, GuaPeng. In addition to have copper head the viper, black eyebrow viper, etc.

Black eyebrow viper

Qinling is a major watershed of the Yellow River and the Yangtze river water system, from ancient to now, has been to play the boundary effect of the two most in our country, so on the geographical distribution of animals, are considered to be the palaearctic and Oriental natural barrier, it is not only effective for birds and animals, to the snake

Copper head of the viper

The distribution of the class more effective. Suddenly but the east qinling advantages from the east, to the mountain, bordering the north China plain, short tail of distributed in the south of qinling subspecies by this encounter with the mediation subspecies of palaearctic region, form the same domain area of two subspecies.

Clear and interesting example is: in shaanxi province, the county and weeks apart very nearly, but separated by qinling mountain taibai mountain and yangshan, in nanyang county mountains to the viper is short tail subspecies, in the mountains of their to pick is intermediary subspecies, show that qinling of these two subspecies is to play the role of a geographic isolation.

Japan subspecies

Only distributed in Taiwan province in our country, and the same from the Japanese archipelago. Mediation Fu number of Trinidad and Tobago, has been found that there are two, one in west of heilongjiang, near Mongolia ZhuoShan station, station north with a total of six mountains, about 3 km long, one or two kilometers wide, is the quarry of railway, among them 1 ~ 3 mountains because the viper too much and stop production. Another is the snake island, only about 1 square km area. Long past someone (GuChuanXiu cure, 1932) on the island of estimate the viper 500000 article, this is clearly exaggerated. On the island after 1957, we estimate that about 50000 of the viper. Liaoning recently made the number distribution investigation on the island, snake island expedition that existing viper around 20000, this and our estimates close to at that time, because the island had been a fire in 1959 and beyond, and abuse, the loss of the viper is considerable.

The viper more life in the plains, hills and mountains, perched on a pile,, ditch, mound, bushes and grass in the field. Short tail Fu caves in sunny slope, the mouth of the cave was 1.5 ~ 4.5 cm in diameter, hole depth can reach 1 m, mostly using the frogs and rats to dig holes in the old. Snake island intermediary Fu many lives in the cleft, grass and tree, motionless, lift up your head toward the sky. When birds perched near it, it quickly and attacked the birds. Several common a small tree viper. On one individual plant, about two meters high goldenrain tree have seen the article 21, on a tree YingShu see article 25. Few birds, lurking in the bushes and in crevices. For example: on September 15, 1957, very few birds on the island, captured by article 413 of the viper, accounted for 54.52%, grass caught on the rock caught 43.61% of the trees caught only accounted for 1.87%.

Viper's medical knowledge

【 equivalents 】 the viper

"Alias", cobra, soil; the brocade, grey plaque, a flat snake, soil ball

"Chinese pinyin" fu she

[English] Pallsas Pit Viper

Latin plant animal mineral name 】 【 Agkistrodon halys (Pallas)

[to the] spleen; Liver meridian

[efficacy] functions; T2dm. The pain; detoxification

Genera classification 】 【 viper

[Latin name] Agkistrodon

【 indications 】 rheumatism bi pain; Leprosy; Scrofula. Boil; The scale; Haemorrhoids. The tumor

"Ecological environment" the plains, hills and mountains, life activity in paddy fields, farming area, grassland and around the house. Such as fish, frogs, birds, rats for food.

Spring, summer, harvest and storage 】 【 between capture. Remove entrails, caught after caesarean section in disc, drying. Can be bright.

【 resources distribution widely distributed in our country.

【 morphology 】 the viper, total length of 60 cm. Clear distinction, head slightly triangular, and neck on the back of the shallow brown to reddish brown, is ridge has two rows of dark brown round spot, staggered slightly with each other, and scale back there are 1 row between the lateral and ventral scales dark brown irregular thick point, were slightly stellate; Venter gray, densely brown or dark brown clip figure. Nose wide scale between short, arranged in the shape of Sunday afternoon; Orbit before the scale 2, scales 2 (3), after orbital orbital ladies to crescent, temporal scales 2 + 4 (3); Upper lip scales 2-1-4 (2-1-3, 2-1-3). Scale back 21 (23) - 21-17 (15), middle the layman smooth or edge; Ventral scales from 137 to 173, anal squamous complete; The tail down scale 29-54, minority for single line.

[pharmacological action] toxicity:

Crude venom composition complex, function also is very complex. It is generally believed that the viper poison poison is blood cycle of blood cycle, mixed nerve poison. Was bitten by patients except local swelling and pain; Because nerve poison, often happen with chills, paste, drooping eyelids, neck traction, more important is, of course, cause respiratory problems, such as double suction, breathless, nod or fish mouth breathing, etc. Respiratory paralysis is the main reason of early death. Animal experiments also prove that the viper poison have obvious neurotoxic effects. The viper poison has significant blood cycle, on the other hand, poison, pure artificial respiration does not prolong the survival time of animals. Clinical patients also often appear pale, sweating, heart rate and the decrease of the limbs of appetite, blood pressure and severe toxic shock symptoms. Although some people think that the viper poison mainly in jiangsu is neurotoxic (according to their observation respiratory paralysis) is the main symptoms and death, but still think that the blood poison is the main path and commonly. It can be released a large number of vascular active substances such as histamine and serotonin and slow moving element (such as Bradykinin), destruction of red blood cells, increased capillary permeability, plasma and the fluid loss in great quantities, make blood volume is insufficient. Is more serious is the direct damage to the heart, be bitten by the patients electrocardiogram (ecg) sinus arrhythmia, ectopic rhythm, come to a point P wave, R for low voltage, conduction block, S - T period of decline, such as flat or inverted T wave changes, to experimental animals poisoning death after autopsy cases of myocardial hemorrhage, myocardial fibers, turbidity is swollen fracture, can be thought of as the viper poison of the cardiac toxicity was the leading cause of death caused by circulatory collapse. Because of shock, hemolysis and direct damage to various organs (such as kidney, etc.) can happen acidosis, acute renal failure and so on. Serious bite injuries often appear soy sauce color of urine and urine protein, tube type, occult blood positive, etc. Prevention and control of infection is also very important problems. Bamboo, tortoise snake venom is given priority to with blood cycle toxic mix of poison. General local symptom heavier, and systemic symptom is lighter, such as timely rescue, right lower mortality.

Functions of drug efficacy classification 】 【

The viper processing method 】 【 frost: take the viper calcined sex, grind into powder.

Sexual flavour gan 】; Temperature; toxic

Source of medicinal material base for the viper 】 all the animals the viper gut off.

【 usage and dosage 】 oral: leaching liquor, each 1000 ml viper with 60 degrees liquor soaked for 3 months, every time I drink 5-10 ml, daily drinking 1 to 2 times; Or burn sex research into fine powder, 1.5 g each time, 2 times a day. External use: right amount, oil, wine stains or burn deposit at the end of the study apply.

【 origin 】 "of Chinese materia medica"