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The Historical Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Source: the new network

  First, the historical development of Chinese medicine

  1. History of traditional Chinese medicine development

  In ancient times, the ancestors of the Chinese nation found a number of animals and plants can relieve pain, accumulated some knowledge of medication. With the evolution of mankind, began to purposefully find drugs and methods of disease prevention and control, the so-called "Shen Nong tasted a hundred herbs," "food and medicine homologous", is a true portrayal of the time. Xia Dynasty (about 2070 - before 1600) wine and the Shang Dynasty (before 1600 - before 1046) soup of the invention, in order to improve the effectiveness of medication to provide help. Into the Western Zhou Dynasty (before 1046 - 771), began to eat medicine, disease medicine, ulcer, veterinary division of labor. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period (770-221 BC), Bian Que summarized the experience of predecessors and put forward the methods of "seeing, smelling, asking, and cutting" the four diagnostic methods together, laying the foundation of clinical diagnosis and treatment. During the Qin and Han Dynasties (221-220 AD), the Yellow Emperor 's Canon of Internal Medicine, the system of the physiology, pathology, disease and the treatment of disease and the principles and methods, established the thinking mode of traditional Chinese medicine, From the simple accumulation of clinical experience to the development of the system theory summed up the stage, the formation of the theoretical framework of Chinese medicine. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" put forward the principles and methods of diagnosis and treatment of exogenous febrile diseases, including epidemic diseases such as temperature and epidemic diseases, and discussed the etiology, disease, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of internal injuries Rules and principles, established the theory of syndrome differentiation and method system. At the same period of the "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", summed up the discussion of the monarch and his wife, seven emotions and, four gas flavors and other drug compatibility and drug theory, for a reasonable prescription, safe use, improve the efficacy of a very important guiding role for the theoretical system of Chinese medicine The formation and development laid the foundation. The Eastern Han Dynasty, Hua created the anesthetic "hemp powder", creating anesthesia for surgical operation precedent. During the period of the Western Jin Dynasty (265-317), Huang Fu-mi's "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Class A and B", systematically discussed the theory of organs, meridians and so on, initially formed the meridian, acupuncture theory. Tang Dynasty (618-907), Sun Simiao's "big medical sincere", embodies the Chinese medicine on the medical subtle, sincere heart, sincere words and deeds of the pursuit of the Chinese nation's noble moral character and excellence in the wisdom of Chinese medicine Concentrated expression, is the core values of Chinese medicine culture. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" in the world for the first time on the scientific classification of medicinal plants, innovation and development of Chinese medicine theory and practice, is a pharmacology and natural history masterpiece. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Ye Tianshi's "Theory of Warmness", put forward the principles and methods of prevention and treatment of febrile diseases and epidemic diseases, and formed the theory and practice system of preventing and curing Wen Ji (infectious diseases) with traditional Chinese medicine. Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, especially the Republic of China, with the introduction of Western medicine, some scholars began to explore Chinese and Western medicine Huitong, fusion.

  2. Characteristics of Chinese medicine

  In the course of thousands of years of development, Chinese medicine has absorbed and integrated advanced science and technology and humanistic thoughts in different periods, innovated and developed constantly, the theory system has been perfected day by day, the technique method is more abundant and formed distinctive features.

  First, attention to the whole. Chinese medicine believes that man and nature, man and society is an interrelated, inseparable unity, the human body is also an organic whole. The importance of the natural environment and social environment on health and disease, that the spirit and shape are inseparable, emphasizing the physiological and psychological synergies, attention to physical and mental health and disease in the interaction.

  Second, focus on "peace" and "and". Chinese medicine emphasizes harmony has an important role in health, that human health is harmonious coordination of various organs function, emotion and moderate expression, and can adapt to different environmental changes, its fundamental lies in the dynamic balance of yin and yang. The occurrence of disease, which is simply the role of internal and external factors, the overall function of people lose their dynamic balance. Maintenance of health is to maintain the overall function of the dynamic balance, the treatment of disease is to lose the dynamic balance of the overall function of recovery to harmony and harmony.

  Third, the emphasis on individual. Chinese medicine treatment emphasizes people, because of time, according to local conditions, reflected as "syndrome differentiation." "Syndrome differentiation" is the four diagnostic (hope, smell, ask, cut) collected by the symptoms, signs and other individual information, through analysis, synthesis, to determine some kind of syndromes. "On governance", is based on the results of the corresponding treatment to determine the corresponding syndrome. Chinese medicine treatment focus on the "disease of people" and not just "human disease", focusing on the adjustment of the role of pathogenic factors in the body after the overall dysfunctional state.

  Fourth, highlight the "cure disease." Traditional Chinese medicine "disease" core reflected in the "prevention first", focusing on "no disease first defense, both disease prevention, after the defense complex." Chinese medicine emphasizes lifestyle and health are closely related, advocate to health as the top priority, that can be emotional transfer photo, work and rest appropriately, reasonable diet, living there are often, but also according to different physical or state to give appropriate intervention to keep in good health , Nurture righteousness, improve anti-evil ability, so as to achieve the role of health and disease prevention.

  Fifth, easy to use. TCM diagnosis mainly by the doctor by looking, smell, ask, cut and other methods to collect patient data, do not rely on a variety of complex instruments and equipment. Traditional Chinese medicine intervention both drugs, but also acupuncture, massage, cupping, scraping and other non-drug therapy. Many non-drug therapy does not require complex instruments, the required equipment (such as small plywood, scraping plates, cupping, etc.) can often be local materials, easy to promote the use.

  3. Historical contribution of Chinese medicine

  Chinese medicine is an important component of traditional Chinese culture and a typical representative, emphasizing the "natural law, Heaven and Man", "balance of yin and yang, to reconcile the", "people-oriented, hanging pot Jiushi" reflects the core of Chinese culture. Chinese medicine also advocated "three due to the system, syndrome differentiation", "Guben Peiyuan, Zhuangjuguugu", "medical honesty, benevolence and benevolence", but also enriched the connotation of Chinese culture, the Chinese nation to understand and transform the world Provides a useful inspiration.

  Chinese medicine as the original Chinese medical science, from the macro, system, the overall perspective of human health and disease occurrence and development of law, reflects the Chinese way of thinking, deeply integrated into the production and life practice, formed Unique health culture and practice, become people to cure disease, physical fitness, longevity and an important means to safeguard the health of the people. From a historical point of view, the Chinese nation repeatedly by natural disasters, war and plague, was able to turn the tide again and again, the population continues to increase, civilization to heritage, Chinese medicine made a significant contribution.

  Chinese medicine originated in the land of China, continue to learn from the fruits of world civilization, enrich the development of their own, but also gradually spread to the rest of the world. As early as the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chinese medicine to spread to neighboring countries, and these countries have a significant impact on traditional medicine. Prevention of smallpox vaccination technology, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to spread throughout the world. "Compendium of Materia Medica" was translated into a variety of text widely circulated, Darwin called "Chinese ancient encyclopedia." The miraculous effect of acupuncture and moxibustion triggered a global "acupuncture fever." The invention of the antimalarial drug "artemisinin" saved the lives of millions of people, especially in the developing world. At the same time, frankincense, myrrh and other widely used in southern medicine, enriching the treatment of Chinese medicine.