The development of Chinese traditional brief

Chinese medicine theory mainly comes from the summary on the practice, and in practice constantly enrich and develop.

Primitive society is the initial stage of human society, when low productivity, people in the face of natural disasters and beast 'attack bitter no countermeasures. At the same time, because of the bad living environment, a lot of people because no medicine can cure ill and die. In such a survival conditions, medical arises at the historic moment. This from archaeological process found medical tools can explain.

The stone and BianShi. The stone is the most important early human a production tools. Because of its rich resources, easy processing, hardness higher advantages, in from Stone Age to the Bronze Age production activities, always plays the role of underestimates. Archaeology, according to the progress of the processing method of degree is divided into paleolithic, stone and neolithic three stages, from material production origin-development very short, just to make a little some processing; To the neolithic, cut, grinding, drilling technology to produce gradually, the comparison is made stone, including delicate utensils production tools, life is with ornaments.

BianShi is a kind of stone, is primitive original human use medical tools, had sharp tip or frontal. Later on the sword, common medical needle etc is thus developed. It is mainly used to cut carbuncle swollen, platoon pus bloodletting, or to stimulate certain parts of the body to eliminate pain.

Recent studies suggest that some of the archaeological discoveries of ancient relics & BianShi recorded. Inner Mongolia duolun flag geodepression head way neolithic sites a root abraded stone unearthed needles; Zhengzhou, henan, the shang dynasty ruins the jade ring unearthed a small sword form machines etc. Is documented a strong indication, actually BianShi except in the Stone Age, followed by the thousands of applications in the crowd, years have been used.

GuQi and its application in medical treatment. The original ancestors, while in using stone tools GuQi also relatively common, shedding site found delicate spicules. The widespread use of GuQi in the neolithic age. Unearthed in archaeological excavations in the bone products, life appliance held very large proportion, it is difficult for us to really what is used for medical care means. However, the spicules, bone cone, paring wait for possible also used in medical treatment activity. In making together than products easy, its sharp for medical treatment is also superior product adoprs electrocast refractories.through the possibility, too. The acupuncture, shallow later with a needle thorn of shape and Stone Age spicules are similar to humans. Shandong qufu temple in eastern han portrait, there is a picture of a magpie body heal diagram, the first 100 people holding up the medical instruments may well be the Bian needle.

In the primitive society artificially teratogenic technology. On the normal development process, certain parts of the body, the human skeleton of a normal form change human body, or to certain parts of the body to impose artificial damage, this is artificially teratogenic or artificially take shape resection. This kind of teratogenic, on the one hand, the damage to the human body is, on the one hand, is also a medical related technologies. The residents in the neolithic age about artificial tooth, skull pillow department deformity and mouth buccal including ball causes jaws deformation and three special customs. Artificial tooth is widely distributed in customs, shandong, jiangsu neolithic site found around most commonly. This custom was first discovered in DaMenKou culture in the early inhabitants. According to 31 individual skull observation, men in 7 cases of 11 cases already to pull at the upper second tooth and second tooth, women in 16 cases of 20 patients already pulled out at the upper second tooth and teeth, its second tooth is respectively 64% and 80% rate, the aged 12-13 years old and young period. Large blocks of customs with ruins tooth, "" the same" huai south son "training" by Ben: "catch, to yao... yao is YuChou Yi backlash that cut teeth, the wild"; Han shu YangXiongChuan ", and "authentic tooth for tooth and moab, facies"; The museum, "remember different vulgar volunteer southwest minorities" begat... i.e. long, is to pull the upper teeth every one, thought body ACTS the role of ". Our Taiwan indigenous neolithic age, such as the tombs have also found at the upper second tooth and pulling the upper third gear tooth or the customs at the third gear, continue to guangxu period. The new tang book · na referred to a biography, "more opposed to denote malignant malaria) dysentery (who cannot drink, medicine, ancient cut teeth" since. Because malignant malaria attack more closed, not reluctant to drink jaws, teeth can cut drug gets to medicine, have convenient certain positive role.

The skull's pillow department deformation is deliberate change of a kind of custom head shape in shandong DaMenKou culture of jiangsu province, the most common, early appear rate is higher than in late, and gender. Deformation of the pillow department, main areas relatively simple skull belonging to deformation of pincushion. As for this pillow department malformation, the precise meaning of further research, or about the aesthetic feeling with abnormal psychology.

Oral maxillofacial abnormal deformation also found in shandong province by and large blocks north king DaMenKou cultural sites, such as a small mouth buccal containing is mainly caused by the strange customs. According to big blocks of unearthed from area and the king with ball for 18 mouth with individual, including 15, TaoQiu 3 rob, diameter 15-20 millimeter, much larger, the age of women age 40, 50, the smallest only about 6 years old. Today, we still don't know the real motive, but perhaps attained some abnormal psychology related.

Nie tooth: is the new Stone Age has appeared in some dyes make tooth blackened a custom. "Huai south son repair service training," yue: "YaoLiXiao Keats charity, make people such as families, west taught WoMin, east to black teeth. Taiwan "wind has:" while "mountain gear, gear before to pull all the records, dyed black" yunnan cloth lang clan and the custom of affair tooth. Scholars have made "fluorination pretest-posttest silver", double ammonia progresses achieved effect (ZhouDaCheng: "Chinese oral medical exam. 1991, the people health press 24-25 pages).

With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, medicine in its generated after continuously developing. Today, humanity is no longer as ancient times after facing sick, as no medicine can cure. However, due to the environmental pollution and worse threats also nots allow to negligible. So in order to create a good living environment for future generations, we need to work together to maintain good natural environment, thus reduce external threats.

BC shang dynasty (17 - former 1100) of people living in the Yellow River basin in China, considered one of China's earliest ancestors. They medical mode is very primitive, tend to be superstitious, legends and the treatment experience combined with applications. According to the water buffalo and the tortoise was unearthed, oracle has several diseases recorded, the description and treatment, people more with the wine and hot water on a drug, using needle and bronze knife surgery appliances. Beginning with soup liquid cure passed since period. Businessmen think its own existence close relations with the universe, everybody's place is in the head, the earth and the heaven and man in feet in between. Their faith is "the earth is flat, and by three concentric squares combination becomes", and based on this saying to explain everything covered days, and the laws of nature between man and universe and thus established many ties. For example, the human body skin with the flat earth recognized idiosyncratic related; But with five of the five elements, wood, fire, water, soil and gold related; Eyes and ears for the sun and the moon with heaven related, etc. TCM theoretical system laid a foundation.

Two thousand years ago, one of China's earliest existing Chinese medicine theory monographs huangdi was unveiled. The book is systematically summarized before this treatment experience and medical theory, combined with the other natural scientific achievements at that time, using simple materialism and dialectics thoughts, for human anatomy, physiology and pathology and disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention, a comprehensive elaboration, preliminary laid the basic theory of TCM. "By" is a difficult and huangdi comparable medical record, books in classical Chinese generation before the people, of the qin dynasty. Its content also including physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and so on various aspects, added huangdi deficiency.

Qin and han dynasties, internal and external traffic increasingly developed, minority area of XiJiao, amber, gazelles horns, musk, and nanhai longan, litchi nuclear etc, gradually adopted for the mainland physicians. Southeast Asia also constantly of medicinal materials in China, and enriching people's medicine knowledge. The root of Chinese magnoliavine was ranked that was passed down, one of China's earliest existing materia medica monographs. It summarized the han people used drugs drug-loading 365 kind of knowledge, and describes the monarch, minister, adjuvant and dispatcher, seven niv, four gas five etc materia medica theory. Long-term clinical practice and modern scientific research proof: the book contained and efficacy are mostly correct, such as ephedra put to breathe, coptis chinensis franch cure dysentery, seaweed cure gall, etc.

The third century ZhangZhongJing in eastern han dynasty famous physicians, the dive into the meat q ", "the needle by by", "the difficult of the basis of the classical medical record, broadly the effective prescription, and all clinical experience, combination with the into the" typhoid miscellaneous diseases theory ". The book, by six-channel distinguishes typhoid zang-fu distinguishes miscellaneous diseases, established the theoretical system of TCM syndrome differentiation with the essencial etiopathogenesis therapeutic principles for clinical medicine development, to lay the foundation. Later generations and will the book is divided into "treatise on febrile diseases and synopsis. Among them, the "treatise on febrile diseases first (actually contained 112 113 square, because one of the song yu's surplus proconsuls have no medicine), shot synopsis 262 first, remove carrying party repeat, two books paid-in agent 269 first, basically generalizes the prescriptions of common clinical departments, and was known as" the fathers of recipe books.

Western HuangFuMi (A.D. 215 - necessary 282) will the meal q ", "the needle MingTang caities which act by", "three books of acupuncture and cure to the basic content and reclassified layout, the order to party b the" book of acupuncture, 128 article 12 volumes. The book for China's earliest), which includes acupuncture and publications viscera, pathogenesis, meridians, acu-points and clinical diagnosis, acupuncture gimmick, darting forbidden, chief etc. Feishu Book examines identified by the total points at feishu (including with a single hole 349 49, double hole 300), discusses the points with each indication taboo and summarizes the operation skill, to the world acupuncture's influence. In A.D. 701 as Japanese government developed medicine that regulation, this book is required medical doctor book.

610 A.D., nest yuan square etc the collective write the pathogenic syndrome theory ", is one of China's earliest existing etiology syndrome learning monographs. Encyclopedia volume 50, points of 67 door, more than 1,700 contained syndrome, this paper discusses the internal and external, women, son, facial features and so on various causes alzheimer's disease pathology and symptoms. For some diseases of the etiology and pathogenesis principle has described more detailed and science. For example: for some the parasite infection, has explicitly pointed out that is related to the diet; Think solium disease is caused by eating undercooked meat. The book also records the intestine anastomosis, tooth, abortion, that when such surgery has reached a higher level of surgery. Sui and tang dynasties, due to political unification, economic and cultural prosperity, internal and external drug traffic developed, increasing, medicine experience of materia medica achievement is unceasingly rich, and summarizes has become the objective need at that time. The SuJing tang government organizations in 1352 such collective editing more than 20 in AD 659 materia medica, called "in the manuscript, new Donald" (also named repair materia the tang of materia medica "). This is written by the government in ancient China the first pharmacopoeia, also the world's first national pharmacopoeia. Nuremberg government than Europe in 1542 AD the nuremberg pharmacopoeia written answer years earlier. The book, including 54 volumes of materia medica, medicine by three parts graph, graph drug-loading 850 species, and in foreign influence is bigger. A.D. 713 in Japan, an official ChuanChao these provisions of this book to the required textbook for study medicine.

The tang dynasty (AD 581 - its sun simiao devoted his life to the energy) set 682 on into the "prepare urgent," and "a thousand YaoFang expensively JinYiFang". Among them, the daughter of YaoFang into 30 volumes, the whole party concerning 5,300 first; "A thousand JinYiFang" is only 30 volumes, load square 2571 first. Two books also to clinical departments, acupuncture, healthcare, prevention and curing are discussed. Especially in nutrition absence of sex disease prevention, achievement is outstanding. If think gall disease (refers to strumous diseases) is because people who lived in the mountains, long-term drinking water of a bad advice people don't lived by these places; On night blindness patients, using animal liver treatment etc. In the WangDao A.D. 752 outside into the "secret", Taiwan encyclopedia of 40 volumes, 515 door (according to this check for 1048 door), load over 6000 square, is set before tang song a large part of recipe books.

TCM education more important of song dynasty. Song government set "cure too much bureau", as the highest institution of talent cultivating TCM. Students learning courses include "grain q", "difficult" and "treatise on febrile diseases by the epa and the theory of" syndrome. The teaching method has improved a lot, such as acupuncture WangWeiYi had design casting tong ren physician in two more (A.D. 1026, fine print twelve), meridians and 354 a meridians as acupuncture teaching and examination physicians use. When the exam, try officer will tong ren meridians irrigates, topical wax seal. Subjects such as location, a needle into correctly. Education is the creation of Chinese medicine career. 1057 AD, the government of song dynasty 4-storey "correcting remedies, planful bureau" of the medical record in important collecting, collating, textual research and collating, lasted for more than 10 years, about the 1068 - in succession 1077 years. At present, we can read the grain asked ", "treatise on febrile diseases, synopsis of prescriptions of the lessor, the acupuncture by", "the pathogenic syndrome", the daughter of YaoFang "and" a thousand JinYiFang "and" the secret to "etc., Taiwan is after the edits, after publication of the handed down.

Song dynasty, the importance of the emperors who frequently medical careers, the imperial edicts issued about medicine and health care, according to regulation and formulation, the song dynasty history song kill album draft version of the song punishment series, only in the northern song dynasty recorded Tiao promulgated by the medical and health to have more than 200 in the feudal rulers, is incomparable. In these medical imperial edicts to send in the prevention and treatment of disease most physicians. In addition, still went about solicitation, calibration, compilation medical books; Organize social charity and hospital; Reform and popularizing medicine education; Improving medical and physicians social status; The reform of old customs and banned wu wizard, which offered to sell drugs, implement JinKouYao monopoly; Publications issued revised or materia medica; Reuse Taoist doctors and medical CaoZe doctor etc. Harvard make

The song dynasty mostly followed the law "regulation. The song dynasty stockings "is the punishment of a code, relevant medical ethics, medical accidents, people medicine, food hygiene, health care, prisoners medicine health management medical management have formulated the regulations, regulation will punish the doctor's responsibility to differentiate between accident, technical incident will not, make the doctor was manslaughter. Also crafters, maid, soldiers of the people below such as medical security problems for specific provision. Food hygiene, made of meat every meal or the Augustan who feed ban made respectively sin and impose ground staff of sin, in fact is the song dynasty food hygiene law. "The namesake" on the song punishment series about punishment who got married the law ", followed by regulation provisions fixed down. About prisoners pharmaceutical also has a regulation, to cause should give food and clothing medicine, inducing prohibit torture sick. To ensure life, prevent abortion, babies conceived make any kao decisions, after obstetrics penalties on the proclamation.

The twelve to 14th century jinyuan era, Chinese medicine appeared many distinctive medical schools. There are representative of the four people, namely: LiuWanSu (A.D. 1120-1200), think typhoid (referring to the febrile illness) and "hot everywhere symptoms related, so the therapeutics multi-purpose cold drug, and was later called" cold pie ": tickets from positive (approximately the 1156-1228), think disease attacks born by invading the body, once pathogenesis, should eliminate pathogenic multi-purpose, so treatment under the sweat, vomiting, with three laws, was later attack evil attack XiaPa" called "; LiDongYuan (A.D. 1180-1251), proposed the "internal taste, by life", treatment diseasess when used for taste, focuses on the theory of the five elements in the spleen of "soil" reason is called "filler later sent", ZhuZhenHeng (A.D. 1281-1358), think human "Yang often lack, Yin often more than" (i.e. think human often has too much Yang, Yin qi deficiency), cure diseases should with nourish "Yin" send a fire is given priority to, was later called "sent" nourish "Yin".

The Ming dynasty (AD LiShiZhen medical experts 1518 - CaiYao 1593) personally up the hill, widely to local survey, understand a lot of medicinal plant growth form, and for some animal medicine to dissect or tracking observation for comparison and medicinal mineral refining, references, more than 800 species, lasted for 27 years, into a compendium of materia medica, monographs, drug 1892 with square over 10,000, to China and world pharmaceutical development made outstanding contribution.

About in the 11th century, people began using "TCM namely against smallpox vaccination law" blain, becomes the world medical immunology pioneer. The 17th to the nineteenth century, because of infectious diseases, people with continuous popular struggle in the process of infectious diseases, WenBing school established and developed. Such as sexual think of Ming dynasty wu occur, "the infectious diseases, the summer wind the cold wet, but not between heaven and earth has a different gas don't feel," he called it "sternness". He pointed out that "the sternness" from the muzzle is infectious way into, whether physical strength of all disease, touch. This breakthrough in the disease is always considered by the body surface and the traditional theory, enters the body in bacteriological the mid-seventeenth century which have not yet occurred, it is certainly a great creation. In qing dynasty, Chinese medicine in the treatment of WenBing (including infectious and the infectious febrile illness) achievements of the works are the representatives YeGui warm the theory of ", the cause XueXue dampness of the Tang, wu WenBing bar cause the tepid "and WangShiXiong weft", etc.

Qing dynasty WangQingRen (1968 - differ according to the autopsy and 1831) written clinical experience of the cure a wood subjects in ancient books and correct some of the human anatomy mistake, emphasized the importance of anatomical knowledge to the doctor, and developed blood stasis pathogenic theory and methods of treatment.

Nearly 100 years, with western medicine in China widely spread, form Chinese medicine, western medicine, combined Chinese and western medicine coexist situation. Some physicians medicine gradually realized, so tried to put each two academic be huitong, and gradually formed a herald school medicine. The representative figure of TangZongHai (and his work is: the 1862-1918) and western huitong remedies for five "; ZhuPeiWen about the middle of the 19th century) "huayang fits zuan"; the zang-fu organs and images ZhangXiChun (1860-933) part in the medical records of west shadow.molecules etc.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the brilliant culture of Chinese nation's important component. For thousands of years for the Chinese nation's prosperity have made outstanding contributions, and with remarkable curative effect, strong ethnic characteristics, unique diagnostic methods, system theory system, vast historical document, stand tall in the medical community, become the common wealth to the treasure-house of human medicine. TCM education for thousands of years and long, shows our strong vitality, it and modern medicine was composed of China health career, is China medical health service has the characteristic and the superiority.