Develop fungus medicine, serve big health

Dec. 07, 2018 China journal of traditional Chinese medicine

At present, the study of mycelial drugs has become an international hotspot. As the traditional Chinese medicine with a long history in the application of mycelial drugs, consensus should be formed in the whole industry, especially in the academic circle. The independent branch of mycelial drugs should be concentrated on the production, study and research with multiple resources to better serve the big health industry. Fang shuting, President of the Chinese association of traditional Chinese medicine, said at the China big health and mycelial medicine summit on November 29 that the mycelial medicine industry will play a more important role in the development of the burgeoning big health industry.

The summit is sponsored by the Chinese association of traditional Chinese medicine and the international society of medicinal fungi, supported by the Chinese academy of medical sciences and the Chinese academy of traditional Chinese medicine, and hosted by jiangsu anhui biotechnology co., LTD. More than 150 experts and scholars from institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutes, biological enterprises and other institutions around the country had in-depth exchanges on the value and development of antimicrobial drugs in the field of health and other topics.

There is much to be done in the study of fungicides

The expert points out, mycelial medicine is a kind of medicine that is a kind of medicine that has curative effect with the processing of bacterium object or the effective component that extracts from it, it is the main component of traditional Chinese medicine. Fungicides are widely used in clinical practice. At present, there are more than 200 kinds of antitumor agents and about 50 kinds of effective agents in medicinal bacteria. Among the known medicinal fungi, ganoderma lucidum, ganoderma lucidum, hericium ericium, armillaria mellea and cordyceps sinensis all contain a large number of polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, terpenoids, alkaloids and sterols, which play an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases.

In 2016, the production of edible and medicinal fungi in China reached nearly 40 million tons with an annual output value of 300 billion yuan, making it another major industry next only to grain, oil, fruits and vegetables in planting industry. A number of leading enterprises have emerged in the pharmaceutical industry, such as anhui in jiangsu province, qianjun fang in Beijing, tongjun ge in zhejiang province, and jimin creditable in jiangxi province. Li yu, President of the international society of medicinal fungi and an academician of the Chinese academy of engineering, said that the medical and health care value of antimicrobial drugs is increasingly prominent and has great potential in the development of the big health industry. In the field of mycelial drug research, first of all, it is necessary to "clarify what are mycelial drugs and medicinal bacteria, and make clear the origin of species and other conditions through detailed and systematic work". Secondly, it is necessary to protect the resources of fungi and drugs by establishing protected areas and other forms. The third is to correctly recognize the basic characteristics such as the nature and taste of fungicides. Fourthly, processing was taken as the research focus from the very beginning. Meanwhile, "taking Chinese medicine as the body and western medicine as the use", the research and development of mycelial drugs that not only conform to the traditional Chinese medicine, but also have the support of modern drug research pushed Chinese mycelial drugs to the international market.

Wild fungus resources need to be protected

Edible fungi are the important food resources of the public. Wild and cultivated edible fungi have become the pillar industries in many regions of China. However, the current situation of wild fungus in China is unclear distribution, unclear living conditions, inadequate resource protection measures, inadequate protection strategies, and unreasonable development and utilization. Yao yijian, a researcher at the institute of microbiology, Chinese academy of sciences, pointed out that China is rich in edible and medicinal bacteria resources and has a long history of development and utilization, but also faces serious threats.

Habitat shrinkage caused by global environmental change and habitat destruction caused by human activities have become important factors threatening the survival of wild bacteria. At the same time, predatory mining leads to the failure of wild edible and medicinal fungi to breed, breed and restore the population. The natural production rate is in short supply, and long-term over-utilization leads to population degradation and resource depletion. Yao yijian stressed that "poor mining methods before the fruiting entity matures and releases spores are a cruel way to kill chickens for eggs".

According to literature reports, there are 1729 species of large edible and medicinal fungi in China. From the protection situation, at present only cordyceps sinensis and tricholoma matsuguchi are listed as the national secondary protection species, it is urgent to take necessary protection measures. Yao yijian suggested that in addition to the policy and regulation actions, the technical protection should be started from three aspects: first, the in-situ protection: the establishment of a nature reserve for edible and medicinal bacteria, the in-situ monitoring and various protection measures; Second, long-distance preservation: collection and preservation of wild edible and medicinal fungi; Third, the protection of genetic diversity: to prevent a large number of cultivated varieties from escaping into the wild and competing with natural populations.

The development space of medicinal bacteria is huge

According to its efficacy, medicinal fungi can be divided into tonifying strong type, diuretic osmotic type, hemostasis and blood circulation, anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving type, cough and phlegm relieving type, tranquilizing type, insect repellent type, rheumatism removing type, liver polyp removing type, blood pressure lowering type, and body metabolism regulating type. In 1957, the Chinese academy of medical sciences and other institutions, on the basis of ergot cultivation and culture, successively studied the production technology of solid culture and deep fermentation for ergot culture and ergoxin alkali extraction. In 1970, various research and production units of medicinal fungi in China carried out comprehensive research on fermentation, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical application of ganoderma lucidum, armillaria melaleuca, bristle fungus, ampelopsis anluo, tremella tremella, hericium erinaceus, poring poria, poria cocos and cloudy ganoderma, etc., worked out the production process and put into production. Ergoxin alkali, honicyclic fungus tablets and sparkle fungus tablets are listed as the scientific achievements of national development of new drugs.

According to guo qing, a researcher at the jiangsu food and drug administration and inspection research institute, of the 1,493 Chinese patent medicines collected in the first part of the Chinese pharmacopoeia, 243 contain bacteria in the prescriptions. There are 17 species of fungi involved: poria coccus, poria fu shen, poria poria poria, stiff silkworm, six divine songs, jianchu song, red song, pinellia song, divine song tea, guangdong divine song, wine song, fermented black bean sauce, ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps sinensis and cordyceps mycelium, ulinomycelia mycelia, hericium hydnum. What use most is poria cocos, it is 6 divine comedy next, stiff silkworm. More than 200 fungi were included in the pharmacopoeia, involving 16 kinds of fungi: ganoderma lucidum, cloud ganoderma, poria cocos, poria poring, hericium ericii, lentinus edodes, tremella tremella, locust ear, agaricus, gastrodia elata armillaria, bristle fungus, thunder pill, muscoidosis, divine song, horse bo and bamboo yellow. There are three drugs made from the compounds extracted from fungi, namely ergocerine, leucotrichomycin a and erythromycin.

Among the fungal drugs, there are currently 13 injections developed for fungal polysaccharides and fungal compounds. Fungal polysaccharides have been used as adjuvant drugs for anticancer chemotherapy by the state. Ergocerine products are used to improve the metabolism of brain cells. Leucocephaloside a products are used in the treatment of acute and chronic cholecystitis attacks. There are two kinds of oral drug preparations developed by fungi. One is proprietary Chinese medicine which is compatible with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Another kind is 単 flavour fungus after fermentation, the bacteria drug made of powder or extract, the current development of the drug become to be bestowed favor on newly, has developed a cordyceps mycelium, red koji, monascus, wu ling mycelium. Such drugs are expected to break new ground in the future.

According to guo qing, "it has become a new way to develop successful fungus health care food into traditional Chinese medicine preparation through promotion".