Overview of herbs

TCM is the study of the Chinese medicine tightly, performance, functions and application of science, is one of the important contents in TCM.

Traditional Chinese medicine types with the plant, animal, mineral and artificial synthesis, the vast majority of them drawn from wild plants, so some Chinese herbal medicine said. Traditional Chinese medicine and divided into practice medicine and herbal, practice medicine is after artificial processing processing and become, and collected herb refers to the medicinal part without processing.

Pharmacology is studied and clarify the theory of therapies and prescriptions and application of a science, and clinical departments having extensive and close relations, is one of the basic disciplines of traditional Chinese medicine.

Prescriptions for trial, is in the dialectical therapies, choosing the appropriate decision after the drug, according to the principle of discretion of quantitative, compatibility, properly becomes, is one of the main tools of dialectical treatment.

A basic knowledge of, traditional Chinese medicine

(a) the performance of Chinese medicine

All disease occurrence and development process, all mean mutual growth and are Yin and Yang, expression is the body (viscera, meridian) reflected by the dysfunction of pathological state - the signs and symptoms.

Drugs to treat disease is the basic role eliminate pathogenic factors, eliminate Yin and Yang cheng partial failure partial pathological conditions to restore health.

Drug kinds very many, every drugs have a certain range, such as astragalus tonifying qi, rhubarb aperient, then fill gas, aperient respectively are the therapeutic effect of astragalus, rhubarb, these because the drug therapy effect is some characteristics and the function of their predecessors and of generation, also called the drug partial sex. With drugs partial sex correct disease of Yin partial shing partial performance, these characteristics (partial decline of the performance of the traditional Chinese medicine), i.e., namely Chinese medicine's drug interactions.

"Sex" namely "can" namely, anesthesiologists, each Chinese medicine has performance of certain performance. Disease attribute has cold syndrome, heat syndromes; BingShi have upward and downward, into; Disease of the zang-fu organs, meridian bits are different; Disease is deficiency syndrome, empirical sexual flavour, so Chinese medicine, shall fill by, lift ups, diarrhoea... Such characteristics - performance.

1. Sexual flavour

Sex: refers to the nature of the drugs that drug cold, heat, temperature, cool four different attribute, predecessors called four gas. (on the cold, ancient wisenews heat, temperature, cool climate change - air sequence, applied to the instructions, so XingQi medicinal use today). General,

Four gas temperature and hot, cold and cool is a common, after hot, hot temperature is big temperature; Cool after cold, cold namely small cold in, be in namely common and extent differences. And warm and cold cool is two kinds of different attribute, this is the role of drugs on the body outlined out; Treatment of heat syndromes of drugs is cold, cold syndrome drug treatment is warm, in addition, there is a "flat sex" medicine, namely is gentle, partial hot anesthesiologists, partial cold is not apparent, not more out cold, heat, temperature, cold, although have four sexual range cold, heat, temperature, cool, flat five kinds of attributes, generally still say four gas, and not say five gas.

When the king to count good explanation of Yin and Yang to match the herbal medicinal cloud: "there are five, gas smell gas four... the captains of the heavens also, warm days, cold days Yang, Yang is litres, Yin Yin is drop." Its significance is said tepid sex drugs can rise sun - boosting human person; functional activity Cold sex drugs can reduce sun - the man's functional activity weakens.

Therefore, the average temperature in with scattered cold, help YangYi fire, promoting blood circulation ShuGan, dredging, dredging the human body function such as fragrant begin to understand the function of excitement as warm, hot sex drugs. Has clear heat, cool blood purging fire XieBiao, flat liver dive Yang, etc for hyperthyroidism reduce human body pathological drugs cold, LiangYao.

Through the long-term clinical practice, will be cold, heat, temperature, cools the role of later generations summarized forward "cure cold medicine, cure to hot heat with cold medicine", "the ReZhe cold, cold hot" drugs to treat the principle.

In addition, there are certain drugs, and both warm LiangYao sexual existence, cold in each theory mentioned in the and.

Taste: refers to the drug have Michael essien, Kennedy, sour, bitter and salty five different taste.

In ancient times, it has been several people tasting 100 grass is, when one day the taste met 70 poison "legend. Explain the human looking for food process, must try all kinds of leaves, grass, roots, stems, fruit, also must have a special impact encountered some of natural products, such as diarrhea, calm, cause vomiting, hemostatic effect such as material, and to taste different taste various substances, when people when disease using these substances, according to experience, to heal by countless times repeated practice, some natural products became curable diseases drugs, and summed up the taste of drugs and efficacy, and the relationship between them. So said five is by, or by treatment of taste income, or by treatment of taste income effect and determined.

Actually there except the above five kinds outside pale acerbity two flavour, traditionally light attached to Kennedy, sour se, it doesn't set up other reactive like tastes, still says.

Five is drug sign, different taste, have different drug interactions. Comprehensive successive medicine experience, conclude their role as follows;

Zinn: there are divergent, did the qi and nourishing nourishes the role.

Divergent: ephedra sinica, mint.

Line blood: tangerine peels, woody, xiong.

Nourishing nourishes the: dodder, common cnidium fruit.

Kennedy: a benefit, and the role of priorities.

Nourishing blood: dangshen and cultivated.

Alleviate stomach bi twin acute pain: YiTang, licorice.

Acid (acerbity) : a convergence, solid acerbity (diarrhoea, hemostatic) function.

Convergence - since sweat, night sweat: keel, oysters.

Solid acerbity - long diarrhea, TuoGang: ChiShi fat, yu surplus, poppy shell.

Frequency, incontinence: PiaoShao, raspberry mulberry.

HuaJing, leukorrhagia: medicinal indianmulberry, lotus seed, fructus rosae laevigatae.

Bitter: purging fire, a dry wet, tong venting role. Decline

Drop down gas discharge (discharge) almond - came smooth wheezing lungs gas, cough.

Qing discharge (hot) purging fire venting Zhi - pure in heart purging fire mountain.

Hot dry wet: yellow defect; WenHua magnoliae dampness.

Salty: a soft firm improving came pouring down, the function of potential.

Soft firm estate: seaweed, kelp, corrugated son.

Next: MangXiao diarrhoea.

Dive ShiJueMing horn, came: gazelles.

The above five, the function is different, but some of the drugs, and have it a certain degree of connectivity, "classic · to really want big theory" : "XinGan divergent for Yang, general relief for Yin acid bitter," "salty discharge for Yin, the mild permeability permeability for Yang" press medicines flavour, put them into two categories of Yin and Yang in governance. Namely XinGan mild drug of Yang, acid bitter salty drug belong to Yin.

Each medicine have gas and flavour, gas, taste each have its role. So the comprehensive and view must be both gay drugs have the same tastes, the drugs don't smell of each have four gas is also different.

Like a zinn gout drug, have XinHan (duckweed), Michael essien XinWen cool (mint), sprouting), Michael essien (heat (XinPing (aconite), employed), etc.

Sexual flavour combination of the same drugs, its main effect is also about the close, such as basil, watercress, set are XinWen, they all have the sweating XieBiao effect, can be used for cold table card exogenous.

Sexual flavour of different drugs, efficacy is differ, sex, or taste with taste different in different drugs, homosexual effect in there are some similarities also have different points. Such as cold sex drug, if taste is different, its function have differences; Gardenia at purging fire, heat, cool blood detoxification; Light leaves Kennedy cold, heat diuresis; XinHan duckweed, evacuation wind hot, diuresis retreat is swollen. In common is cold sex all have heat effect.

If the sex grape drugs is different, also not the same role GanWen to fill kidney, eucommia, strong bones and muscles, Ann tire; Stone GanWei cold, with duhu nourish "Yin" carambola latent heat; Licorice GanPing to recover the spleen yiqi, qingrejiedu, runfei cough, priorities the medicine and pain, mixed. In common, so are gump them are boosting effects.

There are certain drugs, is both spirit and the taste of two kinds of above, such as guizhi XinGan temperature; Angelica GanXinWen; Rehmanniae bittersweet cold, etc. This case illustrates the herb medicine is complex, also reflected the multifaceted drug interactions. Five phase and should also be according to a drug function size and distinguish its primary and secondary, such as guizhi longer than harmonic camp guard, divergent chill XieBiao medicine, therefore, as the first column zinn flavour. Still relatively strong effect, often with the product fits the compensation for the merit of the grape. By the temperature, dredging, the gas is XinGan temperature cognition to the common function, so guizhi sexual flavour as XinGan temperature. Angelica blood and blood for commonly used the first column is tasted, GanWen, and promoting blood circulation, the force of menstrual function of Zimbabwe, it should taste GanXinWen angelica sexual flavour as. Drug efficacy have primary and secondary, its sexual flavour arrangement also have certain order.

Clinical medicine, the dialectical tastes should have choice. Such as Michael essien, so deficiency can spread when gas is unfavorable with; Kennedy can help wet, so the full of is unfavorable with; Bitter dry wet, so can disorderof deficiencies appropriate careful; Acid can gathered more than unsmooth, who is the evil not completely cautiously; Salty, so how moist the taste cold empty of jiyong.

[with] formula: Chinese medicine medicinal flavour function different kinds and performance, cold cool can clear away heat, warm remove cold, zinn flavour can do with scattered, Kennedy slow can fill in, bitter can discharge drop, sour se convergence work and salty can benefit water seeping, light soft firm through gump, cold can nourish "Yin" and aromatic will pain, hemp, sweet channeling tongue often toxic goose can combine compatibility, smell, your adaptations.

2. Lift as well as

Human disease, have, pathological changes under the table, and don't; BingShi have inverse, heavy-lidded, similarities and treatment requires drugs should be respectively ascending or descending as well as with the role of the trend, make the adjustment disorder to ride, zang-fu organs and angry machine, or eliminate pathogenic governmenteconomic going out. Disease on table in the evil with liters of drug should float; The next in the illness and the product, with settlement should be aimed at medicine of disease. Disease, the appropriate on thermal inverse heat sink down under appropriate liters illness, which is using the general rule of traditional Chinese medicine must master. However, meet phlegm saliary Zhi warm solid, bosom frowsty, who use liters of vomiting the melon in chung's floating spit saliary; If the diarrhoea is the beginning and diarrhea caused, the stagnant who use sterilized product guide sluggish, settlement of the attack, the discharge of rhubarb is a law of general because gm.

Thus, ascending or descending, float and sink refers to drug interactions in the human body for several trend. Rise and fall, float and sink, are relative. Rise is the meaning of rise mention; Drop the meaning is reduced inverse; The float is spread upward mean; Heavy is the meaning of discharge the downlink. The characteristics of hoisting, floating drug was up to outside, with sun Microsystems, heave trapped, publication, scattered cold, wind, pharmacological goose, etc; And the characteristics of settlement drugs is down to, has the potential to Yang, fall inverse, smooth wheezing, convergence, purgation, permeability and functions.

Drug fluctuation as well as the smell of mainly depends on drugs and quality of priorities. Generally speaking, taste XinGan, temperature hot drug Lord litres, floating; Taste is sour bitterness salty, gas cold medicine, many primary settlement. Compendium of materia medica cloud: "acid XinGan without litres, salty without rain, cold, hot without float without heavy". A light of drugs, such as how the Lord rises like floating hua, qualitative heavy drugs, such as seeds, ore, shells, main settlement. More But there are exceptions, such as BaDou zinn hot, not rise but heavy, it is pouring down by the water action; Spin after flowers are flowers, not rise, instead of settlement, Lord float down, so have inverse smooth wheezing the flowers are litres, "came the reply flowers alone, burdock son said," Lord, the seeds of float, can rise the hot wind succoth. In addition, drugs can also lift as well as for processing, processing or compatibility and change. Wine is making rises, the salt fry is down, ginger fry criterion can divergent, vinegar fry is able to converge. So when in clinical application to flexible, can properly, play, drug therapy effect.

3. Return the

Be in by the long-term clinical practice realize certain drugs for some zang-fu organs, meridian disease with special treatment effect, concluded a drug laws. Such as pulmonary via sick when, the common cough, asthma, sputum symptoms, almond to cough that smooth wheezing lungs, as the almond; Liver sick when, flank pain or discomfort with green husk for its main performance that can cure flank pain, such as liver meridian totally. Due to the different drugs, belong to a sexual flavour drug, its action also different, or function is different, such as part scutellariae, rhizoma coptidis, cortex phellodendri belong to the extreme heat medicine, but the radix scutellariae into the lungs and longer than the clear lung by thermal; By heart, stomach into coptis chinensis diarrhoea, clear and heart-qi deficiency.it stomach heat. Cypress by and heavier than the kidney diarrhoea phase fire. And as with cinnamon and dried ginger in medicine for temperature. But because dry ginger into the lung, spleen, stomach, so the lung, spleen, stomach have cold much with dry ginger choose; And because the liver, kidneys, cinnamon, so liver, kidney by more than a cold without dried ginger choose cinnamon.

Deep understanding to the practice of Confucian classics said significance; One is the basis of the application as an option. Generally speaking, each by each dirty disease and syndrome has its main square, the main drug, make party to the medicine by. Like the sun, commonly used by the table by issuing the ephedra sinica, cassia twig humanism as Lord of the drug; XieBiao How to ripe liver-kidney Yin deficiency of radix rehmanniae, dogberry mainly consisting of 6 flavour glutinous rehmannia herbal medicine to treat the soup. These rules concerning composition, and promote the development of the normalized Confucian classics said. 2 it is can be used as the basis for with card medication. Such as headache parts different, represent different meridians of disease and syndrome, former headache (by) the attribution add a. dahurica; Migraine (less) shall add entrapement Yang meridians; Pillow department by the pain (the sun), add with JingZi tendril etc. Three is as a clue, to explore the potential function of certain drugs. Such as heat of poison into the dandelion stomach. So used in upper gastrointestinal ulcer disease treatment, obtain good effect; Mountain beans, so in the root of testing in lung cancer treatment, etc. All is according to the drug by back some of the drugs that seek to the new ways. The fourth is to hold Jane cadastral to bloom. Gilles Such as white atractylodes fill in the spleen yiqi, dry wet, healing, diarrhea, vomiting, and spleen deficiency from the sweat of thirst disease and syndrome, these disease and syndrome with spleen were the physiological functions and pathological changes of relevant. So by and by white atractylodes to spleen fully understand and master.

Must be emphasized, when in use classics are said to and drug sexual flavour, lift ups, 2 it is to combine with the viscera of both each other between drug. Because the drugs, the once beautiful sexual flavour, lift as well as the different, so can't hold one and waste it. Such as lung disease of a cold cough unionizing, into pulmonary medicine is not a ephedra sinica, dry ginger, radix scutellariae, lily, white mulberry, TingLi son, clinical use ephedra sinica, dry JiangWen lung of the cold to heal well; Radix scutellariae, white mulberry emptying the lung heat with cough; Lily nourishing lungs virtual and cough; TingLi son in lung solid and discharge cough. The post by versa. All this,

In addition, there are "the scriptures of the theory, the so-called drugs" refers to the scriptures which has special effect medicine by the drug, and in addition to this by disease and syndrome that has remedial effect, still can put outside by the drug not returned to the led by and play to the role of the treatment, in order to improve the efficacy. (equivalent to the carrier of modern medicine theory).

Table 8-1 for tables. The scriptures drugs

The scriptures of the zang-fu organs and meridians the scriptures of the zang-fu organs and meridians medicine medicine

Hand-shaoyin yangming foot rhizoma coptidis, asarum by a. dahurica, gypsum, puerarin

The small intestine akebia, by hand by hand jue Yin pericardial bamboo leaves skin, entrapement tannins

Foot by cinnamon, less Yin kidney Yin by hand asarum less triple fumatory, fructus forsythiae

Bladder sufficient sun by qiang work foot jue Yin liver meridian green husk, xiong, radix

By hand lunar lung balloonflower, cohosh, set, foot less Yang the gallbladder entrapement, green husk

Foot by taiyin cangzhu cohosh, spleen

(2) the compatibility of Chinese medicine with taboo

1. Compatibility

Two or more drugs called TCM compatibility with application. Traditional Chinese medicine through to more complex compatibility, can take care of illness shall be comprehensively, at the same time, the synergy between available drugs role and antagonist for security and higher curative effect. Ancient physicians, through long-term understanding and practice of drug compatibility relations accumulated a wealth of knowledge, and its summary summarized by the following six aspects.

(1) shall be: namely performance in similar drugs for use in a firearm, synergy, enhance curative effect. If gesso, altogether to enhance heat share purging fire power.

(2) phase make: namely performance not the same drugs for use in wu, can promote each other, enhance the curative effect. If the levites tonifying qi of astragalus and water, can enhance share poria cocos air compensating merit of the water.

(3) phase is a terrible: the side effects of drugs, can be another drug reduced or suppression. If the toxicity sprouting and south star can be ginger relieve or eliminate, say so sprouting and nanxing fear ginger.

(4) slay: namely a drug can reduce or eliminate another drug's side effects. Such as windbreak and kill the poison, arsenic, BaDou poison mung bean can untie, say so windbreak, mung bean kill BaDou kill arsenic.

(5) phase evil: namely, two kinds of medicines that contain each other, can reduce, or even lose efficacy role. Such as ginger evil radix scutellariae, ginseng evil semen raphani.

(6) the opposite: namely after two medicines can produce toxic reaction or side effects. Like monkshood, licorice against sprouting against overgrown with flowers.

Above six aspects, phase of drugs must be, phase make synergistic action; Phase of drugs should kill terror different degree of antagonist action; Phase evil, instead of drug compatibility taboo.

In addition, there are no other medical help, rely on single herb, called single-line role, such as independence and soup and other unilaterally.

2. Taboo

Contraindication mainly have three:

(1) compatibility taboo: namely two drugs with produce poison, wu side effects or make curative effect, reduce or eliminate predecessors have "18 against" and "the 19th feared the accounts, namely the so-called" negative "speaking, namely" the so-called feared in evil "speaking.

18 against wigan hence against licorice, amination, Chinese halberds and seaweed.

Monkshood anti fritillary, pericarpium trichosanthis, BaiLian, hyacinth bletilla, sprouting.

LiLu anti ginseng, straight ladybell, danshen, as, bitter pilosula, asarum, peony.

The 19th feared PiaoXiao sulfur feared; Mercury fear arsenic; The Wolf poison feared; secret tuo monk Petunia BaDou feared; Clove fear turmeric; Sichuan, the grass XiJiao udinese uriah feared; Terrible teeth three spindle; ( Officer GuiWei stone fat; Ginseng fear five spirit fat.

The only for drug compatibility taboos, reference, not an absolute. There is also in both ancient formula with terror against, the examples such as Kennedy hence with licorice and treatment of ascites, can exert better Kennedy hence the efficacy of diarrhoea water; The party involved in five spirit with treatment with fat, can fill weiwantong spleen, and stop pain drug condition. These problems to the future study.

(2) pregnancy contraindication: pregnancy taking certain drugs, can cause quickened disturbing, cause abortion. According to the size of drugs on fetal influence degree, points with careful with two types of disabled.

Most forbidden drugs toxic stronger or violent anesthesiologists. Such as severe diarrhea doped BaDou, aloe, senna; By water medicine, Kennedy hence, big genkwanin halberd, shang lu, petunia son; Getty, spits medicine melon LiLu; Anesthetics make sheep flowers; Broken blood circulation&restoring normal menstruation medicine 3 arris, dry paint, shows, ferulic, leech, Meng bug; : tqbyp has good effect on allergic medicine musk, toads, pangolin; Other poisonous medicine like silver, arsenic, born aconite, light powder, etc.

Wary of the drug are mostly violent or a small poisonous drugs. If MangXiao diarrhoea doped rhubarb,; Huoxue remove stasis drugs, safflower peachseed, frankincense, myrrh, not line, king of motherwort, five spirit fat, etc.; Tong drench the water medicine YiRen son, and kindhearted kwai winter; Town drop inverse medicine magnet, Other such as do summer, south star, bezoar, GuanZhong etc.

Whoever disable all can't use, according to pregnant women should be wary of drug use illness discretionary. Available user, should not avoid using, lest produce an accident.

3. When taking medicine diet taboos

As food dietary taboos, be also usually say avoid the taboo mouth. In the ancient literature onion; a zealous supplying multinational oems' divisions Radix rehmanniae, radix polygoni multiflori, avoid is green, garlic, turnip; Mint avoid turtle meat; Poria cocos avoid vinegar; Turtle shell avoid amaranth lai; Dense onion against birth records. This shows taking some medicine to eat not certain foods. In addition, taking FaHanYao should avoid cold; Regulate taste medicine should avoid greasy; Detumescence, qi medicine should avoid beans; Cough PingChuanYao should avoid fish xing; Antidiarrheal should avoid melon.

(3) the processing and the dosage. Chinese

1. Processing purpose

(1) eliminate impurities and the medicinal part, make medicine pure, achieve dosage accurate, curative effect and reliable.

(2) change medication performance, enhancing drugs curative effect. As with sexual cold and digitalis born of ripe, cool blood is lukewarm and blood; The first born with diarrhoea, uzziah made with guide is ripe for udinese hepatorenal, hair; PuHuangSheng do with broken blood stasis, fry with hemostatic; Fumaric vinegar system enhancement analgesic effect; White atractylodes soil fry tonifying spleen and force is strong; Wake XieYu fumatory Schwartz increased efficiency of the liver.

(3) to reduce or eliminate the poison, side effects. Like monkshood, the product for virulent aconite, after repeated immersion bleaching, toxic components are cooked, hydrolysis, dissolving toxic minus; We often plaint, south star after the ginger, alum system can reduce toxicity, remove shock throat spits thing; Salt water to evaporate, containing stir the cold sex, avoid diarrhea, etc.

(4) taste masking, straightening smelly. Honey roasted, wine vinegar char, char usually have taste masking, straightening smelly role. Such as five spirit fat vinegar fry to evil flavour, etc.

(5) facilitate preparation, Fried clothing and storage. Such as shellfish medicinal materials for processing, after crushing effective components easily fry out; White mustard, semen raphani and stir-fry until done in order to preserve the enzyme, can effective components were not decompose, etc.

2. Common processing methods

(1) water mix can make drugs achieve clean, soft, facilitate processing, and can reduce drug toxicity, spirited and bad smell. Including washing, bleaching, bubble, such as crushing, water fly method.

(2) the drug is fire wash directly or indirectly to fire for the processing place dry, crunchy, brown or carbonized purposes.

Fry: stir-fried &accessories stir-fry. Stir-fried is will put the pot and stir drug use, because of the different aims have Fried yellow, Fried coke, fry carbon cent. Fry yellow, Fried coke drugs have burnt taste, to strengthen the power of the spleen cocktail of drug or improve wide. Fry the drug can strengthen convergence charcoal mohan, such as bleeding watercress charcoal. Accessories with Fried with accessories fry, fry, such as soil atractylodes macrocephala koidz fry entrapement etc. Vinegar Its purpose is to enhance anesthesiologists, exert better curative effect.

Foreman: no much difference with accessories fry, fry with more commonly called honey roasted. Such as roasted liquorice, astragalus char.

Drugs calcined: is directly or indirectly put them on the fire calcination, make its crunchy easy pieces. More suitable for ore class or shellfish drugs.

Heat: is the drug wrapped in wet paper or batter, buried in ash roasted inside or fire, in paper or batter for degrees, cooling surface smoldering form strip of paper or batter after use. Goal was to use paper or part of a batter absorption drugs to reduce drug oily, irritating, and enhancing drugs curative effect, such as heat combination.

Cannon: is the drug into in sand blasting heat and saute until brown, facilitate processing, fierce and enhancing its temperature dry, but also the sex, such as gun reduced drug toxicology aconite, cannon ginger.

(3) fire and water with molykote including steaming, boiling, single three methods. Its purpose is to change the utility, enhance curative effect.

3. The dosage of traditional Chinese medicine

Herbal medicine in clinical application dosage namely the weight. Includes weight (g), quantity (slice, cigarettes, capacity (spoon, ml).

Generally speaking Chinese medicine safe is bigger, but individual toxic drugs still need very attention, not excessive, sure dosage general principle is:

(1) according to the drug dosage: every performance determine toxic and completed the drug dosage should be fierce little, like monkshood, such as XiongHuang; Qualitative heavy drug dosage wants big, such as generation ZheShi, oysters classes; The dosage should be light qualitative light, such as ChanTui; Aromatic drugs dosage should be light, such as clove, etc.

(2) according to the illness needs to be sure dosage; Light or chronic illness, dosage is appropriate light; Deposed stubborn disease, also some dosage should be light use, reuse effect medicine radix with different, if light ShuGan sun Microsystems, reuse.

(3) according to determine the compatibility of dosage: blindly, dosage forms, alone, dosage appropriate weight, dosage is appropriate light compound compatibility. The main drug dosage party should heavy, adjuvant dosage appropriate light; Drug appropriate weight, pill treatmentresult dosage appropriate light. Powder

(4) according to the patient sex, age, physical sure usage: women, elderly, infirm, children's dosage should be light, man, as strong, young dosage should be heavy.

All kinds of drug dosage roughly rule is as follows:

Mosaic, aromatic go channeling quality 3-9 grams; The root-stock 9-15 grams; Ore shellfish 15-30 grams; Special drug exception; No more than 3 grams of general asarum, aloes, musk general use 1-1.5 grams.

Second, the basic knowledge of prescriptions

(a) formula is science, law, square, medicine, is a component part of the dialectical method of based on drug compatibility, so, must first understand the herbal formula and alopecia relations, can accurate and meticulous sent medicinal square.

From the formation and development of Chinese medicine therapies is in view, has accumulated medical experience on the basis of summing up out of, is a kind of theoretical formulas after. But when treatment by experience increased to already became guidance theories, and then sent medicine formula and use drugs the guiding principle. For example a cold patient, after the four diagnostic and ask for formal parameter, careful card for pathogenic, determine the chill, according to watch empirical watch card when those with sweat method, the principle of cold heat, decided to use XinWen XieBiao method treatment, and the effective choose corresponding according to law, or to choose medicine square XinWen XieBiao agent composed, such as law, then can fry serve a table solution, and sweat to people Ann. Otherwise, whilst not square with dialectical with treatment, disjointed, inevitable therapies, and even reverse make the disease. Therapies, therefore, guiding principle, sent drug prescriptions formula is reflected and complete the main means therapies. So we often said "the party by medicine into", but the first is the party with a from method, the method of issuing, "the relation between the two is for each other, inseparable.

(2) the composition of the prescriptions

Prescription drugs is not simply the composition of accumulation, but there are certain principles and rules. The ancients use "monarch, minister, adjuvant and dispatcher summarize four parts, which shows the master-slave relations drug compatibility. A curative effect of herbal really, must be targeted, FangYi square rigorous, simple and focused, less efficient. Now will "monarch, minister, adjuvant and dispatcher" of the meaning of points as follows:

1. Gentleman medicine is aimed at pathogeny or main card on the main therapy effect drugs, general effectiveness is stronger, the dosage is bigger.

2. Official medicine refers to can assist and strengthen the party's drug Lord medicine role.

3. An adjuvant refers to square the another kind of auxiliary medicine. It points:

(1) the positive carrizo: assist main drug therapy and certificate.

(2) to host medicine against carrizo: within inhibition, reduce or eliminate main drug interactions.

4. Make medicine has two meanings

(1) the scriptures, can not only lead party medicine in which the medicine to the sick of drugs.

(2) with medicine, has both the medicine mixed party. The medicaments that action

For example a patient evil cold fever, no sweat and wheezing, headache, pulse float tight. The dialectic is cold table empirical. Choose is used ephedra decoction, square in the XinWen, sweating XieBiao ephedra sinica, etiology, except for the Lord (cold) mainly drug; syndrome The temperature, temperature, cassia twig XinGan by solution muscle, assist ephedra enhance the XieBiao supplemented by reactive, delight medicine; Almond, bittersweet temperature, help ephedra mission with smooth wheezing lungs, cough and asthma cure for the issuing and adjuvant; GanWen licorice, the medicine, mediate for medicine.

Simple, except the Lord of herbal medicine outside, not always have other ingredients. Like peony liquorice decoction, only the main, auxiliary medicine; Left gold pills, only advocate medicine coptis chinensis franch and adjuvant WuZhuYu; Alone and soup, only advocate medicine ginseng, complex prescription drug Lord be able to have two flavour or more than two kinds, auxiliary, adjuvant and dispatcher medicine also can have two kinds or more flavor.

(3) using (change) formula of

Both the strict formula of composition, and a principle great flexibility.

1. The change taste to add and subtract

Is the main card in has not changed circumstances, with the change, join and certificate or easy to go to certain drugs, make more the need with treatment, also called "whatever card subtract". For example ephedra soup indications wind-chill table empirical, if injured by the differentiation of the lung, chill disease see blocked sound heavy, cough much sputum, chest distress, short, moss white veins in the propaganda floating, when mainly in lung, scattered cold roasted liquorice ephedra soup, easy to add ginger formed three bend so as to breakstubborn soup, lungs XuanChang, natural gas are all CARDS except.

2. Add and subtract change dose

This change is composed of the prescription drugs refers to the drug remain unchanged, but there has been a change, thus changed the party chief function and the main aspects of issuing. For example, four inverse soup and unclogged arteries, second side four inverse soup by aconite, dry ginger, roasted liquorice composed, but in three ahead with dosage, ginger, smaller, and the chief Yin shengyang micro limbs jue inverse. Under evil cold roll lie, the chakras, subtle syndromes inverse function to Yang save. The rear of ginger, attach dosage ChengGeYang larger, indications Yin and the limbs in the inverse, body anti don't divide the evil cold, clear valley, under pulse micro desire unique to the syndromes, Yang by Yin, have the function of save inverse unclogged arteries.

3. Replace change. Form

TCM sort is more, have different features. The same formula, due to the different treatment function, its form is not identical also, for example, by Daniel dried ginger in pills, largehead atractylodes rhizome, ginseng, licorice, cure releases composition colour.10pills per b.f cold empty, from the Leon, vomiting, abdominal pain, tongue light moss white, pulse sink. The proof of late If put to the upper energizer, certificate of Yang see heart 6 new frowsty, chest full, sash on have heart, limb inverse rob not lukewarm, veins, which sank fine etc on four gout drug Fried into three times treatmentresult served (namely ginseng soup). That's according to a disease of middle-upper bits are vary in BingShi don't, different, so a take pills slow cure, a clinical cure, take the treatmentresult nasty will often treatmentresult bolus, powder, instead of ointment, or will bolus, powder formulas, mainly is to take priorities treatmentresult different meaning.

(4) commonly used formulations (preparations)

According to the clinical use of a drug is the need of herbal medicine treat various diseases, made certain size or different drug formulations of herbal preparations, shape, and with a lot of combination of Chinese and western medicine development, Chinese herbal medicine is increasing the dosage form, traditional forms on quality, craft also has a lot of reform, will now commonly used as follows: formulations introduction

1. The drug after complete treatmentresult, water or wine or liquor half and half after immersing, again decoction for certain time, then go to slag take juice, called decoction, general be taken within, such as ephedra soup, be spleen decoction, etc. The treatmentresult advantage is quickly absorb, efficacy fast and easy to use, can add and subtract a more comprehensive care to each patient or all kinds of disease and syndrome, is the particularity of TCM clinical and most widely used a dosage forms.

2. Powder is broken, and become drugs inquiry mixing, dry powder with topical two internal. The internal powder, can be directly fine quantity little blunt, such as seven per cent scattered; Also with thick end, add water to boil the -though take juice clothing, such as sweet Sue spread. Topical powder general for external, scattered wound, or diseased mixed areas, like scattered, golden born muscle scattered; Also have a little eye, blow the throat for external use, such as ice boron scattered. Making simple, facilitate a powder, absorbing the faster, taking carry medicinal herbs, not easy metamorphic saving etc.

3. Pill is will grind to a fine end, drugs with honey, water or meters paste, batter, wine, vinegar, medicine juice as fu type circular solid dosage form made dose. Pill slowly absorbed, lasting, small volume and impetus, taking, carry, storage is more convenient, also is a kind of common forms. Generally applied in chronic, weak sexual diseases, such as to spleen pills, ginseng keep rong wandeng; Also have used for emergency, such as Ann palace styrax gummi bezoar pills, sweet wandeng. The pills have honey used clinically pill, water pills, pills, enrichment wandeng paste several.

4. Tablet will Chinese medicine after processing or promotes practice with accessories mix, compressed into round flake formulations. Tablet dosage accurate, small size. Taste very bitter, with the stinking drugs tablets, bag again after the sugar to swallow; If need to play a role in the intestines or destroyed in the gastric acid easily drug, then can the enteric-coated metformin hydrochloride, bag disintegrating the intestinal tract. Tablet wide application, such as YinQiao detoxification piece, SangJu GanMaoPian etc.

5. Granule is traditional Chinese medicine into thick paste to Titus, join part powder or powdered sugar make granules powder desiccation. Very convenient blunt, with boiled water. Because of sugary more, pediatric easy to accept.

6. Ointment will drug decoction take juice concentrated into half solid called ointment. Have internal and external use two kinds, taken orally as snow cream etc; Topical creams, such as rheumatism hides plasters, etc.

7. Dan agent is to point to commonly contain mercury and sulfur minerals, such as by heating sublimation promotes practice and become a combined preparations. With small dose, effective, including mineral characteristic. This agent topical, such as red liters more white drop Dan Dan, etc. In addition, some relatively expensive habit of drugs or to have special efficacy of drugs called Dan, such as form this treasure Dan, violet snow Dan etc. So, Dan agent is not a fixed forms.

8. According to Chinese herbals thimble is different, use different methods of extraction, refined match into sterilization solution for subcutaneous, meridian, muscle, vein with such an injection formulations. Has the function quick, etc. It is difficult for emergency or orally patients particularly appropriate. Injection is the future we must vigorously developed a formulations, to adapt to the needs of the TCM emergency.

9. Wine agent called wine. Is the wine and drug soak through time, go take juice for internal slag or topical.

(5) Fried charmed

Traditional Chinese medicine Fried take appropriate or not directly affect its curative effect, therefore, must understand Chinese medicine frying clothing methods.

1. JianYao methods

(1) JianYao appliances; Casserole, enamel with melamine for good, avoid with an iron, lest produce chemical reactions.

(2) JianYao water consumption; According to the drug volume and decide, general with water YaoMian soaked for degrees.

(3) precautions

(1) before JianYao medicinal cold water to immerse a period of time, make medicine full moisture, in order to make the effective components easily.

(2) general drug all can with Fried. Boil namely instead. Fire Then fry for 15-20 minutes. JianYao prevent medicine juice spillover and too fast boil dry. When JianYao not frequently open the cover to minimize volatile components loss. As for flavour thick tonic medicines, such as cultivated land, the first such, uzziah decoction time appropriate slightly long, make effective component were more likely to be fry out; Heat, fry XieBiao, aromatic drugs inappropriate, slightly shorter. Lest effective component loss or medicinal properties change.

(3) some drugs Fried method special (prescription must indicate), introduce below:

First Fried: shellfish, ore drugs, Kennedy and difficult because of quality, should make the flavour before frying, boil broke after 10-20 minutes and add other medicine. If GuiBan, turtle shell, generation ZheShi, ShiJueMing, raw oysters, born keel, gypsum etc; Reed root, rhizome, selfheal, bamboo, appropriate first radha etc, with its frying take juice sauce generation water frying other medicine.

Next: after the aroma volatile, borrow its drug, appropriate in the perlocutionary general drug is Fried good nowadays, Fried four, five minutes, in case its effective component separated. Such as mint, sand benevolence, etc.

Fry: to avoid Fried bag after to reduce drug cloudy or gastrointestinal tract, throat, should use the undesirable stimulation thin cloth wrapped, put a drug in decoction. If ChiShi fat, talc, screw after flowers, etc.

Another stew or another Fried; Some expensive medicine, to preserve its effective ingredients, but another stew or another Fried. Such as ginseng (water-barrier stewed 3 hours); Gazelles XiJiao thinly sliced horn, other fry 2 hours served or take juice joint juice or into powder tone takes.

Yang change) : melting (big viscosity gelatin, the drugs, such as the donkey-hide gelatine, antlers glue, honey, YiTang etc, should first single, then add to heat melting slag in the micro boiled or liquids mixed hot mix to melt, lest when cook stick with Fried coke, influence efficacy pot.

A blunt: powder, Dan agent, pellet, natural medicine juice, fragrance or expensive drugs to blunt advisable. If bezoar, musk, aloes end, cinnamon end, tian notoginseng, purple snow Dan, nightfall wandeng.

2. Medication methods

(1) drug times, general and daily a dose treatmentresult and fry take juice, points twice 2-3 clothing. Illness weight or older, children's discretionary increase or decrease.

(2) medication time served for about 1 hour before drinking it is advisable; There was an exciting of gastrointestinal drug appropriate after meals; Nourishing medicine appropriate fasting clothing; Sedative medicine appropriate bedtime clothing; Emergency whether time clothing; Chronic regularly take.

(3) take medicine with warm temperature is advisable. But hot certificate can be cold clothing; Cold certificate can be hot clothing; Serve hot meals FaHanYao appropriate after 2000, clothing affixed, eli sweating; The medicine, can easily vomit first take ginger juice, then the medicine. Can't oral person, can BiSi or instillation.

(medical nets finishing)